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Socio-economic, Farm and Technological Characteristics of the Peri-urban Small and Marginal Dairy Farmers of Chittagong Metro Area, Bangladesh

S.M.M.A. Dipu*
Department of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh

M.R. Begum
Department of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh

S. Sultana
Department of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The paper depicted the salient features of the socio-economic, farm and technological background and the existing problems of the peri-urban small and marginal dairy farmers of Chittagong Metro Area (CMA), Bangladesh. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Snowball sampling method was used to gather socioeconomic, farm and technological data. Both descriptive statistics and mathematical analyses were used for analyzing the data. The study finds the peri-urban small and marginal dairy farmers are not fully dependent on dairy farming for income and young people are less interested in dairy farming as well. Better education status, less profitability, unfair and unstable price, etc. might be the reasons behind this circumstance. Though the farmers get lesser price for milk, the milk price is higher in urban market. Interestingly, 62.7%, 52.9% and 51.0% of the farmer families have smartphone, Facebook and internet users respectively. Based on the findings, the study recommends that technology-based market linkage could be created by any government/non-government development partner between the cluster-based farmers’ group and the urban consumers for ensuring fair price for milk.

Keywords: Peri-urban, Small and marginal dairy farmers, Profitability, Socio-economy, Farm,Technology

Location: Very entrance of the City namely Chikondondi, Shikarpur, Burirchor (Hathazari Upazilla); Urkirchar, Noapara (Raojan Upazilla); Gomdandi (Boalkhali Upazilla); Char Pathorghata, Shikalbaha, Kolagaon (Patiya Upazilla) and Salimpur (Sitakund Upazilla)

Start Date: 00-10-2017

End Date: 00-12-2017

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Non-commodity: Analysis and interpretations

Objectives:

The present study depicts the salient features regarding the socio-economic, farm and technological aspects of the peri-urban small and marginal dairy farmers, who have 1 to 10 cattle, of Chittagong Metro Area (CMA). It also aims to report the specific problems and also to pin-point the root causes of the problems faced by those farmers in the study area.

Methodology:

Study area and duration This is a cross-sectional descriptive study where the data were collected during October 2017 to December 2017 from field visits in the ten adjacent villages (periurban) to CMA (Gizaw et al., 2017), the second biggest metro area of Bangladesh. These ten villages mostly fit the per-urban villages of Chittagong Metro City as they are the only villages situated at the very entrance of the City namely Chikondondi, Shikarpur, Burirchor (Hathazari Upazilla); Urkirchar, Noapara (Raojan Upazilla); Gomdandi (Boalkhali Upazilla); Char Pathorghata, Shikalbaha, Kolagaon (Patiya Upazilla) and Salimpur (Sitakund Upazilla). Sample size Snowball sampling method was used to collect data from four to seven marginal dairy farmers from each village totaling a sample size of 51 out of 560 farmers (9.11% of the population). There was no farmers’ database available and hence the population size was determined by personal observation and discussion with the local vets, Upazilla Veterinary Surgeons and Livestock Officers. In this particular study, dairy farmers having 1 to 10 cattle was considered small and marginal dairy farmers’ as the classification of BIDA, 2010. Data collection A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to gather farm data as well as demographic, socio-economic and technological data of the farmers. Extensive probing technique was used to collect their financial data as none of the farmers are used to keeping book of records. However, to buy the time of the farmers, they were given token gifts. Before starting the survey, they were given brief idea about the study. Data regarding problems faced by the farmers and the reasons for unfair price was collected in 5-point Likert scale where 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 denote to Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Neutral, Agree and Strongly Agree respectively. The information provided by the farmers were put instantly on the survey sheet and later on the data were entered in the excel sheet for mean calculation. Besides, local and near-by town markets were also visited during the study time to collect market information. Analytical Technique and Tool Most of the variables were chosen for socio-economic and farm characterization following García, Dorward and Rehman (2012). Trending communication technology was considered while characterizing the technological background of the peri-urban marginal dairy farmers. The collected data were put in tabulation format to present the intended features of the farmers, their profitability and problems. Regarding profitability analysis of the farms, Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) (Meskel and Gemechu, 2017) and Return on Investment (ROI) (McDonald et al., 2013) were calculated on the basis of the simple theory of cost, revenues and investment.
BCR = Reveneus/Cost,
Here, the costs include the last year feeding, vaccination, artificial insemination (AI), labor, damage and spoilage cost. As the farmers sell the milk mostly in the locality, there is no related marketing cost. Revenues were calculated from the last year sales of milk, cow dung and calf. The farmers cannot sell the milk all the year round. Hence, yearly milk sales were calculated on the basis of average lactation amount and period of the cows.

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agric., 17(1): 77-91 (2019)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v17i1.42763

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The research demonstrates the salient socio-economic, farm and technological characteristics of the peri-urban marginal dairy farmers of Chittagong Metro Area. Most of the farms are found to be in ‘no profit’ category. Unfair and unstable prices, poor financing opportunities, market need gap, lack of market linkage, storage facilities and value addition are found as major issues in the study area. The study output might help the future formulation of development program for the small and marginal dairy farmers’ community.

Knowledge Management: Journal