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Yield Performance Based Selection of Superior Mutant Lines from Mutant Wheat Genotypes

M Sarkar
Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

J Naher
Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

UK Nath
Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Wheat is the most widely grown cereal crop in the world. However, yield performance of wheat in Bangladesh is very low and the amount of cultivating land is decreasing drastically. Wheat cultivation in coastal saline regions can be a new dimension to increase the wheat production. Therefore, the first step of our research project was conducted out to evaluate the genotypic variability among the salt tolerant mutant lines of wheat genotypes to select superior lines based on yield performance on non-saline soil to bring them in the next step of screening process in salt affected areas. The performance of yield and yield contributing characters of 154 wheat genotypes were evaluated through Francis and Kannenberg’s method of selection. To evaluate the yield performance of mutant wheat lines, ‘Prodip’, a high yielding variety, developed by Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute (BARI), was used as check variety. Thirty-seven wheat mutant lines, which perform better than ‘Prodip’ were selected based on yield contributing characters i.e. plant height, flag leaf duration, spike length, spikelet per spike, number of tillers, 100-grain weight and yield per plant. During selection of mutant lines, more emphasize given on the character 100-grain weight and yield per plant. The result of this study can be used for further evaluation of selected genotypes on saline soil before going to farmer level evaluation.

Keywords: Mutants; wheat; yield contributing characters; saline tolerant;

Location: Experimental Farm, Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2010

End Date: 00-05-2011

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

The aim of this study to select the best performing genotypes, considering the yield contributing characters, in non-saline soil, for our next step of screening process in saline soil.

Methodology:

Experimental site and growing season: The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, during rabi season (from 29 November, 2010 to May, 2011). The place is geographically located at about 24°75' North latitude and 90°50' East longitude. The soil of the experimental area is a medium high land belonging to the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain, Agro-ecological Zone-9 (UNDP and FAO, 1988). The texture of the soil is silty loam having pH 6.7, low in organic matter and fertility level. Plant materials: Four segregating populations L-885, L-61, L-897 and L-880 were collected from NIAB, Pakistan by BINA. 29 lines from L-885, 37 lines from L-61, 40 lines from L-897 and 50 lines from L-880 (not yet published) were selected based on yield performance and the salt tolerance level. A variety ‘Prodip’ (BARI Gom 24), released in 2005, is a high yielding variety and tolerant to heat and resistant to bipolaris leaf blight and, leaf rust diseases. It showed highest farmers’ overall yield preference (3797 kg/ha) (Pandit et al. 2011). Selected lines in the present study were used for further yield trial, where ‘Prodip’ was used as a check variety. All the plant materials were collected from wheat research programme, Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, and ‘Prodip’ BARI Gom 24’ was collected from Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur. Experimental design and plant growing conditions: The experiment was laid out in non-replicated trial. It was setup following five rows in which first four rows were mutant lines and other was ‘Prodip’. The plot size was 6m × 2m. The distance regarding block to block was 1m, line to line was 30 cm and plant to plant within rows was 5 cm, respectively. The seeds were sown on 29 November 2010 in continuous rows keeping the line-to-line distance of 30 cm. Finally, plants in a row were kept at a distance of about 5cm.Thinning was done after 25 days of sowing. Two times weeding was done, one after 25 days of sowing seeds and the other after 1^st irrigation. The field was irrigated 2 times, one at the crown root initiation stage and the other at the peak tillering stage. Other intercultural operations were done as and whenever necessary. Harvesting and data collection: The plants were harvested at full maturity and data were recorded from five randomly selected competitive plant. Among the yield contributing characters, data on flag leaf duration, plant height (cm), spike length (cm), spike number, number of spikelets per spike, hundred grain weight (g) and grain yield per plant (g) were recorded. Flag leaf duration was calculated by the number of days from the date of seeding to yellowing of peduncle of 50% of the plant populations. Data analysis: The genotypes were selected based on genotype grouping technique (Mean-SD method) as proposed by (Francis and Kannenberg,1978). It was also employed to determine stable and high potential genotype(s). According to this method the genotypes were classified into 4 categories: Group-1 High mean value, small SD (%) Group-II: High mean value, large SD (%) Group-III: Low mean value, small SD (%) Group-IV: Low mean value, large SD (%) The analysis was carried out using SAS Software (SAS Institute 1999).

Source of Information: Progressive Agriculture 30 (1): 10-19, 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/pa.v30i1.42204

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The genetic variability analysis of wheat mutants of this study, mostly focusing on the 100-grain weight and yield per plant, suggests 37 mutants as superior genotypes compared to ‘Prodip’ for non-saline soil. The results obtained from this study leads us to further evaluation to understand, whether the environmental factors have any influence on these traits of these selected mutants. Therefore, estimation of heritability, genetic advance and selection index of these selected mutants is our next research agenda. These 37 selected lines, from the present study, can be used for our further screening process in salt affected areas for selecting the best salt tolerant genotypes which can produce remarkable amount of yield both in saline and non-saline land areas of Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal