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Resistance of Black Bengal Goat to Haemonchus Contortus

NN Retee
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

MMH Mondal
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

AI Omar
Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193

K Periasamy
Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, A-1400 Vienna

JF Garcia
Laboratorio de Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular Animal, Departamento de Apoio, Producao e Saude Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Aracatuba

DR Notter
Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia

MO Faruque
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Artificial challenge trial and field trial were carried out in two populations of Black Bengal goat in Bangladesh to evaluate the resistance to Haemonchus Contortus-a major gastrointestinal nematode in goat. Artificial challenge trial revealed that there was no difference in susceptibility of H. contortus in Black Bengal goat of hilly region (BBH) and Black Bengal goat of western region (BBW). In absence of parasitic infection, growth rate of kids of both populations were almost equal. Field trial was conducted with kids of BBW population to find out the within breed variation. Numerically, there was variation among the individuals for parasitic load however the results were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). At individual level, the parasite load ranged from 100 to 400 eggs per gram (epg). The location of villages, age and sex of kids did not influence on the parasitic load of kids. There was no interaction for location, age and sex for body weight at day 8. The Packed Cell Volume and Hemoglobin values differed significantly (p < 0.01) due to age of kids at day 8 and 28 after deworming. The results indicate that Black Bengal goat can be considered as resilience to H. contortus.

Keywords: Black Bengal goat; Haemonchus contortus; FEC; Resistance

Location: Natore & Bandarban Hill district

Start Date: 00-04-2011

End Date: 00-07-2011

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

To identify the population of Black Bengal goat having resistant to H contortus based on artificial challenge trial and field trial.

Methodology:

Experimental sites and populations of goat: The experimental sites were in two locations Viz., Natore representing western part of the country and Bandarban Hill district representing hilly region of the eastern part of the country. The GPS coordinates of three locations were N: 24°07.163′; E: 89°03.997′, and N: 24°47.523; E: 091°43.893 for Natore and Bandarban Hill district respectively. Ecology of two locations is different. Bandarban Hill district is hilly region of the country which is rich in forest and soil is sandy. Natore is flood -fed area which is rich in plain land and soil is clay loom. Natore is rich in fruit trees and leaves of those fruit trees are available to goat. Experimental animals (Black Bengal goat) were selected from those two regions. Management of kids for artificial challenge trial: Artificial challenge trial was conducted from April to July 2011 in Natore. Goats selected from two regions where Natore represented BBW goat and Bandarban Hill district represented BBH goat, respectively. 20 BBH kids and 20 BBW Kids of 4 to 5 months of both sexes were used for this trial. The BBH kids were transferred to Natore where both BBW and BBH kids were reared. 15 days was given for acclimation of BBH kids. Then 40 kids were distributed to 10 farmers, 2 BBW kids and 2 BBH kids for each farmer. All the kids were kept in confined condition and fed only jack fruit leaves and concentrate mixture. Jack fruit leave was fed at ad libitum and concentrate mixture was fed at the rate of 50 g/d/kid. Concentrate mixture consisted of 3 parts crushed maize grain and 1 part crushed mustard oil cake. Deworming was done by Ivermectin @ 1ml/10 kg body weight of kid. Faeces were examined at weekly interval to ensure for complete deworming of kids. Two week interval was allowed between complete deworming that is indicated by zero FEC and inoculation of Larvae of stomach worm artificially. Larvae of H. contortus were administered artificially to kids which was counted as day 0. On day 0 a total of 5000 L3 larvae of H. contortus were administered to each kid. Kids were monitored to ensure that the material had been swallowed and not regurgitated. Body weight was measured, faeces samples and blood samples were collected for further processing at day 0, 28, 35 and 42. Management of kids for field trial: The population of field trial was selected on the basis of results of artificial challenge trial and facilities available. BBW population was selected for the field trial. So, this trial was conducted in Natore in three villages using 200 BBW kids for the period from August 2012 to September 2014. The age of kids ranged from 3 to 6 months old. 75 kids, 79 kids and 46 kids were used from Nagar (Village-1), Udbaria (village-2) and Moukhora (village-3) village respectively. The distance of villages was 20 to 25 km; but those had the same environment. The kids were dewormed by Invermectin @ 1ml/10 kg body weight of kid. Faeces and blood were collected after 7 days i.e. at day 8 and body weight was recorded on the same days. Body weight of kids were recorded, faeces samples and blood samples were again collected after 28 days (termed day 28). Faecal sample collection and examination: Faecal samples were collected by a two-finger procedure directly from the rectum of experimental kids. About 5gm fresh faecal samples were collected and preserved in 10% formalin contained in suitable airtight containers viz., screw-cap bottles. Each vial was marked with the unique identification number similar to kid identification number. During sample collection, information on sex and age of kids was enlisted. Samples were kept in refrigerator at 4°C temperature until examined. Faeces were examined for presence of eggs, cysts and larvae of GIN parasites. Species was determined as H. contortus after Zajac and Conboy (Zajac et al., 2012). Eggs per gram (EPG) of experimental kids was determined by McMaster method. In this method, a known volume of feces (4 gm) was thoroughly suspended in a volume of (56 ml) saturated salt solution. The suspension was stirred through a 150 mm mesh sieve to remove the course particles. A portion of the suspension was withdrawn with the help of Pasteur pipette and allowed to run into the chambers of the McMaster slide. The slide was kept to stand for 5 minutes to allow the eggs to float. The eggs in the two chambers counted using low power objectives (10x). The number of eggs per gram of feces was calculated by using the following formula: Egg/gm = [no. of egg counted x (T/V)]/F T = Total volume of faeces/flotation solution mixture, V = Volume of aliquot examined in slide, and F = grams of faeces used. The sensitivity was 50. Estimation of packed cell volume and hemoglobin value: Blood samples were collected for hematological assessment like Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Hemoglobin (Hb) from jugular vein of kids in EDTA coated venoject tube. PCV was determined by the micro-hematocrit method. The result of the PCV was expressed in percentage (%). Hemoglobin value was determined by the use of Sahli’s acid haematin method and the result was expressed in g/dl. Statistical analysis: Since the FEC data were not normally distributed, i.e. they were positively skewed, logarithmic transformation were applied before analysis. The descriptive statistics viz., arithmetic mean, variance, standard error, student t-test etc. were carried out by following the described procedure of Snedecor and Cochran (1980). Data were transformed into log10 (n+1) formulae (where n is the number of egg per gram feces), and then analysis of variance was done by using Generalized Linear Model procedures of computer package of SAS (SAS Institute Inc. USA, 1998).

Source of Information: Progressive Agriculture 30 (1): 55-64, 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/pa.v30i1.42209

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results and discussion made so for indicates that kids of both populations of Black Bengal goat were infected by H. contortus. However, the difference among the populations for parasitic load was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Moreover, both populations had low level of parasitic load in term of susceptibility. The kids could maintain the normal growth even after infected by parasite. Black Bengal goat, therefore, can be considered as resilience to H. contortus.

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