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Comparative Study on Dog Bite and Rabies in Livestock and Pet Animal with Their Management in Faridpur Sadar Upazilla Veterinary Hospital

Md. Aftabuddin Rumi
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh

Md. Saiful Bari
Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh

Md. Harisul Abid
Department of Microbiology, Jhenaidah Government Veterinary College, Jhenaidah, Bangladesh

Golam Rabbani
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Mohammad Belayet Hossain
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A cross-sectional study was carried out from 13th January to 15th March 2015 in the Upazilla Veterinary Hospital of the Sadar Upazilla under Faridpur District to estimate the dog bites, rabies, and their management in different livestock and pet animals registered for treatment. A prototype questionnaire was used to obtain the necessary information from the owners of the animals observed. Out of the total 170 animals diagnosed and treated based on gross lesion and history, 24, 13, 133 were cattle, dogs, and goats, respectively. The proportion positive of dog bite cases was 17.4% in cattle, 20.5% in goats, and 8.3% in dogs. Among the dog bitten animals, 77.8% were Category-III (single or multiple transdermal bites or scratches, licks on broken skin) bite. The prevalence of rabies in dog bitten animals was 2.50% in dogs, 0.8% in goats and no rabies case was recorded in cattle. Post-rabies vaccine was used in 46.4%, 100% and 75.0% dog-bitten goats, cattle and dogs, respectively. The occupation and literacy of the owner, types of cattle, animal’s age, and animal source etc. showed a considerable difference in prevalence. However, none of the association was statistically significant. This baseline study might be extended with a required number of samples to identify potential risk factors for the occurrence of rabies in different animals

Keywords: Prevalence, Dog bites, Rabies, Vaccination, Livestock, Pet

Location: Faridpur Sadar, Faridpur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 13-01-2015

End Date: 15-03-2015

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Dog, Rabbit

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence of rabies and dog bite cases in animals registered for treatment to an Upazilla Veterinary Hospital (UVH) at Faridpur, Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The study was carried out at UVH, Faridpur Sadar, Faridpur. At this place, animals registered for treatments were observed for a period of 08 weeks: from 13 January to 15 March 2015. All of these animals were examined for the presence of dog bites with such histories from their owners. A prototype questionnaire was developed for this study to assess the intensity of dog bites in different animals, their management, vaccination histories and development of clinical cases of rabies. The categorization of the severity of dog bites in the animals registered to the hospital was done according to World Health Organization (WHO, 2013). Accordingly, in this study, all dog bites were categorized into three types namely: Category I – touching or feeding animals, licks on intact skin (i.e. no exposure); Category II – nibbling of uncovered skin, minor scratches or abrasions without bleeding; Category III – single or multiple transdermal bites or scratches, licks on broken skin; contamination of mucous membrane with saliva from licks and exposures to bats etc. Diagnosis of rabies was made based on typical clinical presentations of rabies with the previous history of dog bites and the presence of such bite marks on the affected animals. There are two forms of rabies seen clinically: Furious and Dumb. The first form is characterized by restlessness, biting other animal or inanimate objects, aimless running, anorexia etc., and the second by paralysis, salivation, hydrophobia, off feed, recumbence followed by death (Susilawathi et al., 2012). Data collected from this study was first stored in Microsoft Excel2010 (Microsoft Corporation, USA). These data were then sorted, cleaned and coded in Microsoft Excel. After that, data were exported to STATA 11.0 version (STATA Corporation, College Station, Texas, USA) for Windows 2010.Proportions and the Pearson’s chi-square test (χ2) were used to analyze the data and differences were considered significant when P≤0.05 (Rabe-Hesketh and Everitt, 2003).

Source of Information: Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 5, No. 2, August 2018 : 215-224

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Dog bite is common both in animal and human populations in Bangladesh. All of our joint effort may help us to control dog bite and rabies. For the prevention and control, we need more public awarness and knowledge about this problem. People are aware about the disease as reflected by the post exposure vaccination of all cases. Further education about proper vaccination and management of the disease may be needed. We should be cautious about dog bites which may causes rabies where as the rabies has no treatment with a 100% fatality.

Knowledge Management: Journal