D. Yeasmin
Fodder Research and Development Project, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
N. Islam
Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymenshing, Bangladesh
N.R. Sarker
Fodder Research and Development Project, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
N. Huda*
Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
A. Habib
Fodder Research and Development Project, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
F. Tabassum
Fodder Research and Development Project, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Ca salt of fatty acid, Milk yield, Chemical composition of milk, Nutrient intake, Nutrient digestibility, Gained weight
“Pachutia Cattle Research Farm” of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka
Animal Health and Management
An experiment accords CRD design was conducted at “Pachutia Cattle Research Farm” of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka for a period of 30 days including 5 days of digestibility trial from 10 September, 2013 to 10 October, 2013. Twenty lactating Pabna cattle of average 250.1 ± 13.64 kg (Bos indicus) of initial body weight with average milk yield of 2.88 ± 0.38 kg were selected and divided into four groups randomly having five cows in each with maintained similarity of body weight and milk yield of each group as much as possible. These groups were then imposed to treatments of T0, T1, T2, and T3; in where To= German grass + Concentrate mixture without Ca salt of fatty acid + 2.5 % DCP, T1= German grass + Concentrate mixture + 2.5 % soybean based Ca salt of fatty acid, T2= German grass + Concentrate mixture + 2.5 % mustard based Ca salt of fatty acid and T3= German grass + Concentrate mixture + 2.5% palm oil based Ca salt of fatty acid. Due to the abundance of German grass at research farm it was used as basal diet of cow. Three different types of calcium salt of fatty acid were prepared using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and saturated solution of calcium chloride (CaCl2). As for soybean oil, at first five parts of soybean oil were added to four parts of aqueous solution of NaOH (6M) and the hydrolysis of oil triacylglycerols was performed at 95 to 100°C with continuous agitation and bubbling Na. When no more soybean oil was visible, the resulting blend was left to stand at 5°C until Na soaps had solidified. The Na soaps then were dissolved in hot water (95 to 100°C) using a 1:5 ratio of soap to water, and a saturated solution of CaCl2 at a ratio of 2.5 parts and 4.5 parts of soap to water was added for salting out. A filter cloth was used to filter the Ca salts, and tap water was used to remove residual NaOH and excess CaCL2. The Ca salts were finally dried both in air and sun, and kept at about 20°C until use for feeding. For mustard oil and palm oil same manner was followed. Preparation of Ca salt of fatty acid was done on the basis of availability of ingredient by modifying the method of Chouinard et al. (1998). The concentrate mixture was prepared by weighing and mixing of wheat bran (45%), maize crushed (10%), wheat crushed (10%), soybean meal (5%), til oil cake (10%), kheshari (15%), fish meal (2%), salt (0.5%), DCP or Calcium salt of fatty acids (2.5%) manually. The nutrient composition of concentrate mixture was dry matter (90.21%), organic matter (91.49%), crude protein (16.07%), ADF (21.29%), NDF (55.69%) and ash (8.51%). All the ingredients were mixed properly and then allowed to animals. The amount of supplied and refused feeds was recorded everyday and from there actual feed intake of each animal was found out periodically after every fortnight and then incremental feed was adjusted to the animal diets. The nutrient requirements of animal (varying amount of milk production) were calculated based on the recommendation of NRC, 1984. Live weight of all animals were also measured fortnightly at morning with empty stomach. Animals were housed in individual well equipped stanchion barn and offered concentrate rations as two equal portions at 6:00 and 13:00 h before milking and rough ages was offered thrice a day; as one third at morning after milking and remaining two third at noon after milking again. Abundant clean water was made available all the period of experiment and prior to experiment, all the cows were dewormed for internal parasites using Tetranid Bolus (Techno Drugs, Bangladesh). A conventional digestion trial was performed for 5 days at the end of feeding trial and that time feed intake, refusal of feed and was recorded daily. Composite samples of supplied feed, residue and feces of individual animal were stored at -20 0C. At the time of chemical analysis, 1 mm screen sieve was used for mixed dried feces except DM and CP. Samples of fresh fodder, concentrates, feed refusals and feces were analyzed for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). DM contents by oven drying at 105 0C for overnight, ash at 550 0C for 8 h, total nitrogen (N) by Kjeldahl procedure and CP calculation from N content (CP = N × 6.25) according to the official methods of AOAC (2005) were determined. NDF and ADF were determined following procedure proposed by Goering and Van Soest (1970). Apparent digestibility coefficient for DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF was calculated from dietary intake of constituent and amount recovered in feces. Milk samples were collected from each cow at 15 days interval and were analyzed for fat, protein, lactose, SNF and total ash contents by milk analyzer (Lactostar, Funk Gurbar). The data were analyzed using “MSTAT-C” statistical program to compute analysis of variance (ANOVA) for a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and the mean values with standard error of difference (SED) were recorded. The difference among the treatment means were determined by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 137-146 (2017)
Journal