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Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Waterlog Tolerant Sesame Genotypes

R. R. Saha*
Crop Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Dhaka-1215

F. Ahmed
Plant Physiology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701

N. Mokarroma
Plant Physiology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701

M. M. Rohman
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701

P. C. Golder
Member Director, Planning and Evaluation, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Dhaka-1215

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted under pot culture to investigate physiological responses as well as antioxidative enzymes activities that may lead to select sesame genotype (s) which were more waterlogging tolerant at vegetative stage. Four sesame genotypes viz. BD-6980, BD6985, BD-6992 and BD-7012 were grown under waterlogged (at vegetative stage) and control (no waterlogged) conditions. Plant height, root length, root volume, root dry weight and leaf area per plant in all the four sesame genotypes significantly decreased due to waterlogging at vegetative stage in comparison to controlled condition. Higher SPAD value (Soil and Plant Analyzer Development) and specific leaf mass were recorded in waterlogged plant than controlled plant during waterlogging period but reverse was the case during recovery period. All the genotypes showed positive indices of waterlogging tolerance in terms of better performance of root, stem, leaf and petiole. Among the genotypes, BD 6980 showed higher waterlogging tolerance in all the components followed by BD 6985. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was found higher in waterlogged plant of all the four sesame genotypes in both waterlogging period and recovery period than the controlled plant. Antioxidant enzyme activities like Peroxidase (POD), Catalase (CAT), Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Superoxide dismutase(SOD) were inconsistent in the present study but most of the antioxidant enzyme activities showed an increasing trend in waterlogged plant than that of control plant in all the genotypes. Comparatively low amount of MDA content and high antioxidant activities of sesame genotype BD 6980 is considered as highly tolerant to waterlogging and other three genotypes are moderately tolerant under water logging condition.

Keywords: Biochemical, Genotypes, Physiological, Sesame, Tolerant, Waterlogging

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-03-2014

End Date: 00-06-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Sesame

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to investigate physiological responses as well as antioxidative enzymes activities of our moderately tolerant against waterlogging genotypes of sesame (BD-6980, BD-6985, BD-6992 and BD-7012) that may lead to select sesame genotype (s) which were more waterlogging tolerant at vegetative stage.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur during March to June 2014. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with three replications. Sesame was grown in earthen pot containing around 12 kg soil collected from Kodda, Kaliakoir, Upazila, Gazipur district of Bangladesh. Treatments consists of four moderately waterlogged tolerant genotypes of sesame (viz., BD-6980, BD-6985, BD-6992 and BD-7012) subjected to waterlogged (at vegetative stage) and control (no waterlogged) conditions. Application of fertilizers @ 100-130-40-100 kg ha-1 (0.6-0.78-0.24-0.6 g pot-1) of urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum. Every pot was hand weeded at 21 and 35 days after sowing. For controlling hairy caterpillar Ripcord @ 1ml litre^-1 of water was sprayed at 45 and 60 days after sowing. In each pot, 10 seeds were sown on 2 March, 2014. The seedlings were emerged within 7 days after sowing. At 21 days after sowing, seedlings were thinned out keeping two uniform seedlings in each pot. Waterlogging condition was imposed at 29 days after emergence (DAE) and kept waterlogging (3-5 cm water above the soil surface) for three days. These three days (29-30 DAE) were considered as waterlogging period and onward removal of waterlogging i.e., 32-43 DAE was considered as recovery period. Plants from three pots for every genotype under both waterlogged and control condition were collected after termination at waterlogging (31 DAE) and 12 days after termination of waterlogging i.e., 43 DAE(recovery period) to record data on different parameters such as SPAD value, leaf area, root-shoot length, root volume and components dry weight. Specific leaf mass (SLM) was determined as the ratio between leaf dry weight and leaf area following Hunt (1978). Leaf area was measured immediately after collection of the plant with the help of an automatic leaf area meter (LI 3100, LI-COR, USA). The relative growth rate (RGR) of plant components biomass and total biomass were calculated according to Gardner et al. (1985). The RGR of each plant component under waterlogged and control conditions were calculated. Waterlogging tolerance (WLT) indices of different components was calculated as percent ratio of RGR of waterlogged plants to RGR of control plants indicating the degree of tolerance of sesame genotypes under waterlogging condition (Chan and Burton, 1992). Biochemical analysis was done at Molecular Laboratory of Plant Breeding Division, BARI, Gazipur. Protein concentration in the leaf extract was determined according to the method of Bradford (1976) using BSA as a protein standard. Peroxidase (POD) activity was estimated according to Hemeda and Klein (1990). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was determined using an indirect competitive inhibition assay (Spitz and Oberley, 1989). Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was assayed following the method of Nakano and Asada (1981). Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was measured as described by Elia et al. (2003). Catalase (CAT) activity was measured according to the method of Csiszár et al. (2007). The level of lipid peroxidation was measured by estimating MDA following the method of Heath and Packer (1968). Mean and standard deviation/standard error of collected data were analyzed statistically.

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agri., 14(2): 31-45 (2016)

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v14i2.31243

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

All genotypes showed positive waterlogging tolerance indices in root, stem, leaf and petiole but in terms of root showed better performance. Genotype BD 6980 having lower amount of MDA alongside higher antioxidant (SOD, CAT, POD, APX, GPX) activities is considered as highly tolerant and other three genotypes are moderately tolerant under water logging condition. Seed yield reduced in all the genotypes due to imposition of waterlogging but minimum reduction was observed in BD 7012 (24%).

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