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Determination of Economic Efficiency of Deep Placement and Foliar Application of Urea Fertilizer Through the Performance of Boro Rice Cv. BRRI Dhan29

Tahmina Aktar
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Rashedur Rahman
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Anwarul Abedin
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

A H M Jahangir Alam
Department of Agricultural Extension, Paikgacha, Khulna, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Rice is the most extensively cultivated cereal crops in Bangladesh and nitrogenous fertilizer, especially urea is the most pressing fertilizer to supply nutrient in the paddy field. With this view, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of deep placement and foliar application of urea fertilizer on BRRI dhan29 rice cultivar in boro season at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during December 2015 to May 2016. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design considering twelve treatments with three replications. The treatments were- T0 ( No N application), T1 [140 kg N/ha (as prilled urea)], T2 (1.8 g 1-USG + 5 foliar spray @ 1% N solution), T3 (1.8 g 1-USG + 5 foliar spray @ 1.5% N solution), T4 (1.8 g 1-USG + 5 foliar spray @ 2% N solution), T5 (1.8 g 2-USG), T6 (2.7 g 1-USG), T7 (2.7 g 1-USG + 3 foliar spray @ 1% N solution), T8 (2.7 g 1-USG + 3 foliar spray @ 1.5% N solution), T9 (2.7 g 1-USG + 3 foliar spray @ 2% N solution), T10 (1.8 g 2-USG + 3 t/ha cowdung), T11 (2.7 g 1-USG + 3 t/ha cowdung). Results showed that the grain and straw yield of the rice variety responded significantly to the application of prilled urea (PU), deep placement of USG and foliar application of N. The highest grain yield (4.8 t/ha) was recorded in T8 which was identical to the yield (4.7 t/ha) obtained in T3. The highest straw yield (6.0 t/ha) was found in T5. The lowest grain yield (3.7 t/ha) and straw yield (4.5 t/ha) were found in T0. Considering the economic efficiency, the treatment T8 showed the maximum gross margin and marginal gross margin with lowest cost per unit of product. Therefore, to get highest grain yield (4.8 t/ha), 82 kg N/ha as USG and 3 foliar spray of N @1.5% concentration i.e. total 219 Kg urea/ha can be applied to the rice field of BRRI dhan29. This will save an amount of 81 Kg urea per rice growing season per hectare.

Keywords: Urea super granule, Foliar spray, Nitrogen, Rice crop

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-12-2015

End Date: 00-05-2016

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice, Fertilizer

Objectives:

To find out the economic efficiency of different urea application method through the performance of boro rice cv. BRRI dhan29.

Methodology:

The study was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from December 2015 to May 2016. The experimental site is located at 240 75´ N latitude and 900 50´ E longitude in the south-west part of Brahmaputra at an elevation of 18 m above the sea level. This site belongs to non-calcareous dark grey floodplain soil under the agro-ecological zone Old Brahmaputra Floodplain “AEZ-9” (UNDP and FAO, 1988). BRRI dhan29, a high yielding variety of rice was used as the test crop in this experiment. This variety was released for boro season by the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI); Joydebpur, Gazipur in 1992 after regional and zonal trial and evaluation. It is a transplant boro rice cultivar and matures after 103 days after transplanting with average yield of 5.0-7.5 t ha^-1. Life cycle of this variety ranges from 155 to 160 days, which however may vary due to changes in climatic condition. The plant height is 90-95 cm and the cultivar is of non- lodging type. It is somewhat resistant to pests and diseases and especially blast diseases. The land was first opened with a tractor drawn disc plough on 14 December, 2015. After two days, the land was irrigated slightly and subsequent ploughings and cross ploughings were given and leveled by laddering. The field layout was made on 28 January, 2016 according to experimental specification immediately after final land preparation. Weeds and stubbles were cleared off from individual plots and finally plots were leveled properly by wooden ladder so that no water pocket could remain in the field. Forty-five days old seedlings were carefully uprooted from nursery bed and transplanted in the plots on 1 February, 2016 maintaining a spacing of 25 cm × 15 cm. Three healthy seedlings were transplanted in each hill. Various intercultural operations viz. irrigation, weeding, disease and pest management etc. were done as and when necessary to ensure and maintain the favorable condition for normal plant growth and development of crop. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), where the experimental site was divided into 3 blocks representing the replications to reduce the heterogenic effects of soil. There were altogether 12 different treatment combinations. A total of 36 plots were prepared for the experiment and the treatments were distributed to the unit plots in each block. The size of each plot was 4m × 2.5m and plots were separated from each other by ails. There was 1m drain between the blocks that separated the blocks from each other. TSP, MOP, gypsum and Zinc sulphate were applied to all the experiment plots as basal during final land preparation to supply 100 kg/ha, 160 kg/ha, 110 kg/ha and 10 kg/ha, respectively (BRRI, 2016). In T1 urea @ 300 kg/ha was applied. All prilled urea are applied in 3 equal split at 15, 35 and 55 days after transplanting (DAT). Five foliar sprays were applied in T2, T3 and T4 at 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 DAT, respectively. Three foliar sprays were applied in T7, T8 and T9 at 30, 40 and 50 DAT, respectively. The USG were placed at 8-10 cm depth between four hills at alternative rows. The crop was harvested at full maturity. The date of harvesting was confirmed when 90% of the grains became golden yellow in color. Harvesting of BRRI dhan29 was done on 10 May 2016. Five hills (excluding border hills) were selected randomly from each individual plot and uprooted before harvesting for recording data. After sampling the whole plot was harvested. The harvested crop of each plot was separately bundled, properly tagged and then brought to the threshing floor. The harvested crops were threshed manually. The grains were cleaned and dried to a moisture content of 14%. Straws were sun dried. Data were compiled and tabulated in proper form for statistical analysis. The recorded data were statistically analyzed to find out the significance of variation resulting from the experimental treatments. All the collected data were analyzed and adjudged by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 5, No. 2, August 2018 : 157-164.

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Funding Source:

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Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The overall results indicated that the highest grain yield of BRRI dhan29 was found in treatment [2.7 g 1- USG (82 kg N/ha) + 3 foliar spray @ 1.5% N solution (13.5g urea/spray)]. This reveals that the deep placement of USG fertilizer with foliar application enhanced the N use efficiency. As a consequence, the grain yield of BRRI dhan29 was increased to significant extent. The treatment also demonstrated the highest gross income followed by with the value of 95,000 (Tk/ha) and lowest value was obtained in with the value of 74,800 (Tk/ha). Therefore, the treatment [2.7 g 1-USG (82 kg N/ha) + 3 foliar spray @ 1.5% N solution/ha (13.5 g urea/spray)] i. e. total 219 kg urea/ha can be recommended for successful cultivation of boro rice, BRRI dhan29. This will save an amount of 81 kg urea per rice growing season per hectare.

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