MT Islam
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka
MM Uddin
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202
KMS Islam
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202
MN Sultana
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202
Water source; Water quality; Water intake; Bull; Growth performance
Shahjalal Animal Nutrition Field Laboratory under the Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh.
Animal Health and Management
The experiment was conducted for 80 days and data collected from middle 75 days was used in the analysis. A total of 16 local growing bulls which were assigned a numerical number from 1 to 16 and each treatment group consist of 4 animals. Experimental location- For conducting the experiment, the feeding trial was conducted in the Shahjalal Animal Nutrition Field Laboratory under the Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. German grass was cultivated at Shahjalal Animal Nutrition Field Laboratory. Experimental design- R1=Replication 1; R2 = Replication 2; R3 =Replication 3; R4 = Replication 4; under treatments, the number represents the Animal Identification (Tag No) starting from 1 and end up to 16. Sixteen local cattle (Bos Taurus L), aged around two years and weighing average 132.50±20.49 kg of body weight were used to conduct the experiment. The animals were assigned into four groups with each group having four animals which was selected randomly and experiment was conducted using randomized block design. Chronologically the groups ware supplied with deep tube well water, supply water, pond water, river water and common feeding system was maintained for all the 16 animals. Experimental diet- The experimental diet consists of the fixed amount of roughage particularly green grass, concentrate mixtures and salt. The water was provided as ad libitum to each of the animal. German grass diet was supplied to each group of animals. German grass was collected from Shahjalal Animal Nutrition Field Laboratory under the Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. The German grass was chopped in 4mm long before supplying to the animals. Cattle were fed 5±2 kg twice in a day according to their body weight. Daily required amount of total German grass was divided in two parts, one part was supplied in morning (8.00h) and another part was supplied in afternoon (16.00h). Concentrate mixer preparation All the ingredients required for concentrate mixture preparation were collected from local market and were grinded. After grinding oil cake, maize, wheat bran and all other ingredients were mixed well using mixer machine. Finally 2% common salt was added with the mixture). Maintenance and managerial operation Temperature and ventilation The side wall of the shed was exposed to grill. So that air and light could have passed uninterruptedly. The normal atmospheric temperature was (about 25±4°C) present in the house. The temperature of the water was measured recurrently with the clinical thermometer. The range of water temperature was about (75-95)0F. There was also facility for curtain by which it can protect the animals at heavy rain or excessive heat. Feed and water supply The concentrate feed 0.5kg was supplied to the animals once in a day. Daily required amount of total concentrate was supplied in the morning. Clean and fresh water from different sources were provided by measuring in weighing balance. No growth promoter, antibiotics or feed additives was provided to the cattle. Four treatment groups were four different sources of water such as Deep Tube Well (DTW =T1), Ordinary Supply Water coming via reserve tank (SW = T2), Pond Water (PW = T3) and River Water (RW = T4). Each group has given the same feed such as German Grass (Echinochloa polystachya L.) and concentrate feed. Data collection Animals were weighed at the onset of trial and then after every one week interval throughout the experimental period. The average body weight gain of animals was calculated by deducting initial body weight from the final body weight. The final body weight gain was measured just prior to stop the feeding trial. Collection of feces sample Feces samples were collected during last 7 days of the experimental period. Feces were collected on the polythene bag. After collection, feces samples were dried at 105°C in hot air oven for 24 hours. Then the feces sample were ground to 1 mm mesh and stored at -200C for analysis. Analysis of feeds and feces sample Proximate components of feces and feed sample ware analyzed by Khjeldhal method (AOAC, 2010. Determination of Water Quality Water quality parameters include PH, Salinity, Biologically Oxygen Demand (B.O.D), Hardness, Sulphate, and Nitrate, each quality parameter was tested by using specific chemical kit applicable to that parameters such as for pH (HI3817, Hanna‘s pHep) test kit, hardness (HI3817, Hanna‘s pHep) test kit, Sulphate (HI38000, Hanna‘s pHep, using turbidimetric method) test kit, Salinity (HI3835, Hanna‘s instrument, using mercuric nitrate titration) test kit, Nitrate (HI38050, Hanna‘s pHep, uses the cadmium reduction method to measure nitrate) test kit. Phosphorous (HI96706, Hanna‘s pHep, portable photometer is for the measurement of phosphorus) Test kit. B.O.D (HQ40D, Hanna‘s instrument®, followed by using luminescent DO Sensor) test kit. Statistical analysis Data were represented as the mean ± SD (standard deviation). All data were subjected to one-way ANOVA using Complete Randomized Design (CRD), and the significance of difference among means was determined using Tukey’s HSD test (1953). All analyses were conducted in SPSS (2002). Differences at P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (1): 9-16
Journal