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Influence of Irrigation and Gypsum on Wheat Cultivation in Saline Soil

Abdullah Al Mamun
Planning and development cell division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Protima Rani Sarker
Soil Science division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur-1700, Bangladesh

Md. Mahmud Al Noor
Plant breeding division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA)

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Irrigation application and organic amendments could contribute to the improvement of wheat production in coastal areas. Field experiment was carried out at Shamnagar, Satkhira Sadar for the improvement of wheat production in saline areas through irrigation application and gypsum amendments. Two wheat cultivars viz. L-880-43 and BARI ghom26 were used as test crops. There were six treatments such as control (no irrigation); one irrigation at vegetative stage with canal water (canal water means rainwater harvested in natural/man-made canal); one irrigation at vegetative stage with STW water + Gypsum application @ 200 Kg/ha (STW means sallow tube-well); Irrigation at vegetative and heading/flowering stage with canal water; Irrigation at vegetative stage with saline canal water + Gypsum application @ 200 Kg/ha; Irrigation at vegetative and heading/flowering stage with STW water + Gypsum application @ 200 Kg/ha. The treatments were allocated in the main-plot and the cultivars in the sub-plot all experimental plots received recommended doses of urea, triple super phosphate, and muriate of potash. The treatments were imposed accordingly. The results showed that soil salinity caused a significant reduction in growth and yield components of both wheat cultivars. Irrigation application and Gypsum amendments significantly increased the growth and yield components of both cultivars under soil salinity. Soil salinity also reduced grain yields of both cultivars. Combined application of irrigation water and gypsum amendments showed higher yields than that of sole application of irrigation water during saline conditions. Gypsum used as amendments because it reduces the soil salinity. Therefore, the present study suggests that wheat production might be feasible in coastal areas of southern Bangladesh (saline soils) through irrigation application and gypsum amendments.

Keywords: Electrical conductivity, Evapotranspiration, Soil reclamation, Salinity, Wheat

Location: Shamnagar, Satkhira Sadar, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat, Soil salinity, Water management

Objectives:

To determine amount of irrigation water and gypsum for saline tolerant variety in wheat.

Methodology:

Two wheat cultivars: V₁ = L-880-43 and V₂= BARI ghom-26 (as check) were used in the conducting experiment. Seeds of the wheat cultivars were collected from Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh. Healthy seeds of each variety were sown in line in each plot. After germination and plant establishment, line to line and plant to plant distance was maintained. There were some weeds observed which were uprooted by hand. Irrigation was given as per experimental specification i.e. measured water was added to keep water level up to field capacity to avoid anaerobic condition during different crop growth stages in field. There were also two irrigation applied at most critical stages like 25-30 DAS (Days after sowing) and 45-50 DAS. Measurement of moisture content of soil: Moisture content of soil of the plot was measured at sowing, before and after 1^st and 2^nd irrigation and after harvesting of wheat. Soil sample was randomly collected from twelve pot at surface level. In case of plot, soil sample was collected from 4 depths like 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-45 cm and 45-60 cm. Then the soil sample was oven dried at 105° C. Gravimetric moisture content was converted to volumetric moisture content by multiplying with the bulk density. Electrical conductivity of canal water and STW water was measured. Electrical conductivity of canal water at sowing time, 1st irrigation and 2nd irrigation was 2.23, 2.03, 2.63 ds/m. Electrical conductivity of STW water at sowing time, 1st irrigation and 2nd irrigation was 5.47, 4.98, 5.26 ds/m. Determination of water p^H: Water pH was determined by p^H meter. P^H of canal water at 1st and 2nd irrigation was 7.2, 7.62. P^H of STW water at 1st irrigation and 2nd irrigation was 7.24, 7.18. Harvesting, data recording and processing: Maturity of crops was determined when 100% of the spikes become straw colour. After maturity, the whole plant was cut at ground level with the help of sickle. The harvested crop of each pot/plot was bundled separately and tagged properly. After recording data on plant height, length of spike of each plant, plant materials were then sun dried for grain collection. Finally, grain and straw yields and yield contributing parameters were recorded, separately. Experimental design: The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data analysis was performed by using statistical package MStatC. By using Duncan’s multiple range tests (Gomez and Gomez 1984), mean differences were adjudicated.

Source of Information: Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 6, No. 1, April 2019 : 01-10.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results showed that soil salinity caused a significant reduction in growth and yield components of both wheat cultivars. Irrigation application and Gypsum amendments significantly increased the growth and yield components of both cultivars under soil salinity. Soil salinity also reduced grain yields of both cultivars. Combined application of irrigation water and gypsum amendments showed higher yields than that of sole application of irrigation water during saline conditions. Gypsum used as amendments because it reduces the soil salinity. Therefore, the present study suggests that wheat production might be feasible in coastal areas of southern Bangladesh (saline soils) through irrigation application and gypsum amendments.

Knowledge Management: Journal