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Morpho-anatomical Appraisal of Some Pulse Crops Under Salinity Stress

M. A. H. KHAN
Ph.D. Fellow, Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur-1706 & Scientific Officer, Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Cumilla

M. A. BASET MIA
Professor, Department of Crop Botany, BSMRAU, Salna, Gazipur-1706

J. U. AHMED
Professor, Department of Crop Botany, BSMRAU, Salna, Gazipur-1706

M. A. KARIM4
Professor, Department of Agronomy, BSMRAU, Salna, Gazipur-1706,

M. M. H. SAIKAT
Professor, Department of Genetics and plant breeding, BSMRAU, Salna, Gazipur-1706

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at the field and laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur during the period from December 2016 to March 2017 to find out the morpho-anatomical appraisal of some pulse crops of Fabaceae family under salinity stress. Seven pulse crops viz., Lentil var. BARI Masur-7, Mungbean var. BARI Mung- 6, Blackgram var. BARI Maskalai-1, Chickpea var. BARI Chola-9, Field pea var. BARI Motor-1, Grasspea var. BARI Khesari3 and Cowpea var. BARI Felon-2; two levels of salinity 0 and 8 dSm^-1 were imposed as experimental treatments. It was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications. The NaCl was directly mixed to the dry soil. The soil (6 kg pot^-1) of each treatment was placed in plastic pots with drainage holes in the bottom. The results of the experiment revealed that, salt stress caused decrease in morphological attributes and also changed anatomical features. There was a significant variation in relative values (%) of plant height, root length (%) root dry matter (%) and shoot dry matter (%) of seven selected pulse crop varieties due to the salinity stress. The highest percentage of relative plant height (92), relative root length (98), relative root dry weight (89) and relative shoot dry weight (72.8) were observed in cowpea followed by grass pea and the lowest percentage of relative plant height (51), relative root length (56), relative root dry weight (54) and relative shoot dry weight (48) were observed in lentil. The stem anatomical features were found similar changes in xylem and phloem area. Among the pulse crop varieties, cowpea and grass pea were performed better whereas lentil and black gram were found more susceptible species than the others according to their morphological and anatomical attributes.

Keywords: Salinity, Pulse, Morphology, Anatomy

Location: The experiment was conducted at the Vinyl house and laboratory of the Department of the Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur

Start Date: 00-12-2016

End Date: 00-03-2017

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil salinity

Objectives:

The present study, was therefore, carried out to investigate specific anatomical and morphological modifications of some pulse crops of Fabaceae family which might have played a significant role in finding out an avenue of breeding technique for developing salt tolerant crops. As such the experiment was undertaken to observe the morphology and micro morphology (anatomy) of some pulse crops under salt stress situation.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Vinyl house and laboratory of the Department of the Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur from December 2016 to March 2017. Seven cultivated pulse crop varieties of Fabaceae family, developed by the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), namely, viz., Lentil var. BARI Masur-7, Mungbean var. BARI Mung- 6, Blackgram var. BARI Maskalai1, Chickpea var. BARI Chola-9, Field pea var. BARI Motor-1, Grasspea var. BARI Khesari -3 and Cowpea var. BARI Felon-2; were used in the experiment. The experiment was conducted in plastic pot using 6 kg of soils. There were three replications of each treatment namely: control and 8 dS m^-1. The method suggested by Rowell (1994) was used to calculate the quantity of NaCl required for the preparation of each saline soil treatment. The NaCl was directly mixed to the dry soil. The soil (6 kg pot^-1) of each treatment was placed in plastic pots with drainage holes in the bottom. The pots were arranged on wooden benches of the vinyl house. Another treatment (Control) was maintained by using fresh or tap water on the pot. Seeds of pulse crops variety were sown on 15 December 2016. After sowing of seeds light irrigation was given to ensure uniform germination of seeds. Recommended fertilizers namely N, P, K, S were used at the rate of 20, 20, 24 and 10 kg ha^-1 as urea, triple superphosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MoP) and gypsum respectively. For the anatomical studies, the leaf samples were collected from control and salinity treatment of pulse crop varieties at 50 days after sowing. The cross sections 5 cm slices from the stem were chosen and softened in a mixture of glycerine. Then the sections were photographed with a digital photo-camera attached to light microscope at 10-40 X magnifications and image4.0 software. After 50 days of germination, plants were harvested for collection of data. The mean root dry weight was calculated for each treatment. After separation of roots the samples of stem, branch and leaf were dried in an electrical oven to a constant weight at 70° C. Thereafter, the mean shoot dry weight was calculated for each treatment. The collected data were analyzed statistically followed Completely Randomized Design by Statistix10 computer package programme (Gomez and Gomez 1984)

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 439-451, September 2019

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In morphological study, it was found that, the plant height, root length were shorter in size and shape under salinity stress condition than normal condition. Root dry weight and shoot dry weight were also reduced due to salinity stress than normal condition. The anatomical features were found some changes in stem xylem and phloem area. Some xylem and phloem size were reduced which might be the cause of lack of nutrients and water supply for physiological drought. Among the pulse crops cowpea (BARI Felon-2) and grass pea (BARI Khesari-3) were given better performance than the others whereas lentil (BARI Masur-7) and black gram (BARI Maskalai-1) were found more susceptible pulse crops according to their morphological and anatomical characteristics.

Knowledge Management: Journal