Agricultural Research Management Information System

Home
Research Summary
Search
About Us
- ARMIS
- Brochure
Contact Us
Report
User Request
Data Input
Help
- Operation Manual
  - PDF
  - Video
- Program Area & Commodity
We have reached 37600 number of research entries at this moment.

- Logout

Research Detail

Home
Research
Detail

Effect of Ethephon on Ripening and Postharvest Quality of Mango

A. A. SABUZ
Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M. G. F. CHOWDHURY
Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M. M. MOLLA
Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M. H. H. KHAN
Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M. MIARUDDIN
Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at the laboratory of Postharvest Technology Division, BARI to evaluate the effect of postharvest application of 6 concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 & 10000 ppm) of ethephon on ripening and postharvest quality of mango (cv. Langra) fruits harvested at mature green stage on 3rd week of June in 2011 and 2012. The treated fruits were assessed for physiological changes such as ripening %, weight loss (%), biochemical aspects such as TSS (0Brix), titratable acidity (%), reducing sugar (%), total sugar (%), ascorbic acid content (mg/100g), total carotenoids (µg/100g), carbon di oxide production (ml/g fruit) and residual level of the applied ethephon during storage period. The observations were recorded at 2 days interval during 6 days storage at ambient condition (23±2°C with 80±5% RH). Complete yellow color (full ripe) was developed on the fruits treated with 500-1000 ppm ethephon at 4 days of storage while yellowish green and greenish yellow color was developed on 250 ppm treated and control fruits, respectively, and 10000 ppm ethephon treated fruits over ripened at this period. At 6 days of storage, 250 ppm ethephon treated fruits got ripen and 500-1000 ppm ethephon treated fruits over ripened whereas 10000 ppm treated fruits got rotten and control one was still unripe. Irrespective of ethephon treatments, weight loss of fruits, TSS, reducing sugar, total sugar, carbon di oxide production and total carotenoid showed increasing trends up to 6 days whereas titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and residue level of ethephon showed decreasing trends in both years. At 4 days of storage, 750-1000 ppm ethephon dipped fruits induced uniform attractive yellow color while untreated control fruits remained yellowish greenish (unripe) even after 6 days of storage. At 6 days of storage TSS, reducing sugar, toatal sugar, ascorbic acid and total carotenoid content were found maximum in 750-1000 ppm treated fruits compared to 250-500 ppm treated fruits. The residue level of ethephon in mango fruits treated with ethephon concentrations (250-1000 ppm) at 6 days of storage was found below 2 ppm (0.1 1ppm-0.54 ppm), which is safe for human consumption. Therefore, mangoes ripened by using ethephon @ 750-1000 ppm can be consumed safely without any health risk.

Keywords: Mango, Ethephon, Ripening, Residue, postharvest quality.

Location: Postharvest Technology Division in Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2011

End Date: 00-00-2012

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Commodity: Mango

Objectives:

The study was therefore, conducted to determine the optimum concentrations of ethephon for ripening of mango without affecting its nutritional and postharvest quality during storage at ambient temperature.

Methodology:

The present investigation was carried out at the Laboratory of the Postharvest Technology Division in Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute during 3rd week of June of the year 2011-12 maintaining temperature 23±2⁰ C and RH 85±5%. Fruits were carried from the farmer’s field to the laboratory in plastic crates covering themselves in newspaper. The mango (cv.Langra) which were physiologically mature and have attained the full size, light green with tinge of yellow at apical end were collected from farmers field nearby Volahat Upazilla, Chapai-nawabganj to use for the study. Fruits were harvested on 18th June, 2011 and 20th June, 2012. The fruits were selected on the basis of uniformity, maturity and size (200-250 gm). The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments with 3 replications for each treatments.Selected fruits were divided into two parts. One for investigating chemical parameters at 2 days interval up to 6 days and other one was kept in plastic box at ambient condition to examine physical parameters at same interval up to 6 days of storage. Treatment setting: The experiment consisted 6 level of ethephon concentrations (T1=control, T2= 250 ppm, T3=500 ppm, T4=750 ppm, T5=1000 ppm and T6= 10000 ppm).T6 (10000 ppm) is being used by the farmers as common ripening practice. Prior to use, fruits were washed with clean water, dipped for 2 minutes in 250 ppm “propiconazole” and dried with air flow before setting the experiment. Then the fruits were dipped for 5 minutes in the following concentrations of ethephon solution as stated above.The temperature was set at 23±2⁰ C and RH 85±5%. After that, the fruits were kept at ambient temperature for 10 minutes in an attempt to reduce possible chemical injury and being dried up. The control fruits were dipped for 5 minutes in tap water without using the ethephon solution. The number of fruits treated under each treatment was 12. The source of ethephon was Ripen-15 as it was available at the market. Parameters studied: The parameters studied were percentage of ripening, physiological weight loss (%), titratable acidity (%), total soluble solid(TSS), reducing sugar (%), total sugar (%), ascorbic acid content (mg/100g), total carotenoid (µg/100 g) and carbon di oxide production (ml/g fruit ). Each data were recorded at 2 days interval up to 6 days. Percentage of ripening: In order to determine the ripening percentage, mango fruits were daily observed for their color development and when skin color turned to full yellow, they were considered as ripe. Ripening percentage was calculated. For ascorbic acid measurement, 10g pulp was homogenized in 50 mL of 3% cold metaphosphoric acid (HPO3) using a blender for 2 min and filtered through Whatman filter paper No. 2. The clear supernatant was collected for assaying ascorbic acid by 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol titration following the method of Ranganna (1986). Ten milliliters of aliquot were titrated with 0.1% 2, 6dichlorophenolindophenol solution until the filtrate changed to pink color persisted for at least 15 seconds and the titration volume of 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol was recorded. Prior to titration 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol solution was calibrated by ascorbic acid standard solution. Ascorbic acid content was calculated according to the titration volume of 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol and results were expressed as mg/100g fresh weight. The titratable acidity (TA) was analyzed using the titration method. Pulp sample (10 g) were homogenised using a kitchen blender with 40 ml of distilled water. The mixture was then ?ltered through cotton wool. The ?ltrate (5 ml) with one to two drops of phenolphthalein (0.1%) as indicator was titrated using0.1 N NaOH to an endpoint pink (pH 8.1). The results were expressed as the percentage citric acid per 100 g fresh weight. Total soluble solid (TSS) in the extracted juice of fruits was measured by a Digital Hand Refractometer (ATAGO (Brix = 0 to 32) by placing a drop of pulp solution on its prism and direct reading was recorded and the results were expressed as ⁰Brix. :Total sugar and reducing sugar content of fruit was estimated by the following procedures described by Lane and Eynon (1923). 50 milliliter of both Fehling's solution A and Fehling's solution B were mixed together in a beaker. Ten milliliter of mixed solution was pipetted into a 250 ml conical flask and 25 ml distilled water was added to it. Standard sugar solution was taken in a burette. The conical flask containing mixed solution was heated on a hot plate. When the solution began to boil, 3 drops of methylene blue indicator solution were added to it without removing the flask from the hot plate. Mixed solution was titrated by solution. The end point was indicated by de-colorization of the indicator. Fehling's solution was calculated by using the following formula; Fehling's Factor (g of invert sugar) = (Titre x 2.5)/1000 Preparation of sample 50 ml of fruit juice was mixed with 100 ml of distilled water and 5 ml of neutral lead acetate solution and then kept for 10 minute and the mixture was homogenized. Then the blended material was transferred to a 250 ml volumetric flask. The volume was made up to the mark with distilled water. Then solution was filtered. 10 milliliter of mixed Fehling’s solution was taken in a 250 ml conical flask and made 250 ml with distilled water. Purifier juice solution (filtrate) was taken in a burette. Conical flask confining mixed Fehling's solution was heated on a hot plate. 3-5 drops of methylene blue indicator were added to the flask when boiling started and titrated against solution taken in burette. The end point was indicated by de-colorization of indicator. Percent reducing sugar was calculated. Total carotenoid was measured by taking 5 grams of the sample, grounded with acetone and anhydrous sodium sulphate in a pestle and mortar (Ranganna, 1986). Total carotenoids (µg/100g) was measured by spectrophotometer (T-80, PG Instrument Ltd. UK) at 451ηm (Alasalvar et al., 2005).
Carbon-di-oxide measurement: The level of CO2 volume ml/g fruit weight was measured by Archimedes’ principle and expressed as ml/g of fruits. Residue level of ethephon:The residue level in treated mango was measured by Gas chromatography flame ionized detector in Toxicology laboratory, Entomology Division, BARI, Gazipur and SGS Laboratory, Dhaka and expressed as ppm (mg/kg). The method is stated by Rahman et. al. (2012). Statistical analysis: Data analysis were performed by one-way ANOVA using software SPSS 20.0 (IBM INC: New York). Mean comparison was done by Tuky w test at 5% level of probability. All data were expressed in triplicate as means ± standard deviation.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 453-467, September 2019

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It can be concluded from the present investigation that the use of ethephon had a significant impact on the ripening and postharvest quality of mango fruits. Among the treatments ethephon application @ 1000 ppm was best for retaining the various physical and chemical parameters followed by ethephon application @ 750 ppm till the 6 days of storage. Therefore, at matured green stage, ethephon can be applied @ 750-1000 ppm for uniform ripening of mango at ambient condition (23±2°C) with 85±5% relative humidity. The estimated residue level in 750-1000 ppm ethephon treated mango fruits at 4 and 6 days of storage remains lower than maximum residue limit (MRL) of ethephon (2ppm).

Knowledge Management: Journal