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Organic Amendments for Mitigating Soil Salinity in Rice

Shithi Chowdhury
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Dhiman Bhusan
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Abul Hashem
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Anamul Hoque
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Salinity causes cellular damage and limits crop productivity. Accumulation of organic compound is one of the adaptive mechanisms to salinity in plants. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the farmer’s field of Botiaghata, Khulna to investigate the mitigating effects of organic manures on salinity stress in rice genotypes during both aman and boro seasons. Two T. aman rice (salt-sensitive; BR-23 and local cultivar; Mohini) and two boro rice (salt-sensitive; BRRI dhan-29 and salt-tolerant; BINA dhan-8) were used as test crops. Farmyard manure (FYM) and poultry manure (PM) were applied to the soils during final land preparation. There were five treatments namely T₀= control (no manure), T₁=FYM (5 t/ha), T₂=FYM (10 t/ha), T₃=PM (4 t/ha), T₄=PM (8 t/ha).Thirtyday-old rice seedlings were transplanted in the experimental plots. Salinity caused a significant reduction in growth and yield of both aman and boro rice. Under saline condition, BR-23 (aman rice) produced higher yield than local cultivar Mohini in aman season while BINA dhan-8 produced higher yield than BRRI dhan29 in boro season. Soil amendments with FYM and PM significantly increased the growth, and grain and straw yields of all rice cultivars under saline conditions. Increased nutrient uptake and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio in rice were also observed due to application of organic manures. No considerable changes in post-harvest soil properties such as pH, EC, CEC and organic matter status of saline soils were observed by addition of FYM and PM. The present study suggests that soil amendments with FYM and PM improve salt tolerance in rice by increasing K⁺/Na⁺ ratio and nutrient uptake.

Keywords: Farmyard manure, Poultry manure, Salt stress Rice

Location: Botiaghata, Khulna, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice, Soil salinity

Objectives:

To determine the Organic Amendments for Mitigating Soil Salinity in Rice.

Methodology:

The experiments were carried out at the farmer’s field of Botiaghata, Khulna belongs to the Agro ecological Zone of the Ganges Tidal Floodplain (AEZ 13). Characteristically, the soil was silty clay loam having pH 6.7-7.2, EC 4.6-6.6 dS/m, CEC 23-26 meq/100 g soil and organic matter 0.71-0.84%. The experimental area is included into the tropical monsoon climate. There are three monsoon periods appear in this region. The monsoon period lasts from May to October. About 88% of the total rainfall is observed in this time. Hailstone also occurs during this time. Sometimes storms locally called Kalboishakhi are observed. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Two rice cultivars; BR-23 and local cultivar Mohini were used in aman season while BRRI dhan29 and BINA dhan8 rice were used in boro season as test crops in the experiments. The treatments consisted with control and two doses of FYM and PM. There were five treatments namely T₀= control (no manure), T₁=FYM (5 t/ha), T₂=FYM (10 t/ha), T₃=PM (4 t/ha), and T₄=PM (8 t/ha). Recommended doses of TSP, MoP, gypsum, and zinc sulphate were applied to all the experimental plots during final land preparation. Recommended dose of urea was applied in three splits. Thirty-day-old seedlings of four rice varieties were transplanted in the experimental plots. Three seedlings per hill were placed at a spacing of 25 cm × 20 cm. Water salinity was monitored during the whole period of crop cultivation. Water salinity during aman rice was 4.2 dS/m, 2.0 dS/m and 2.1 dS/m at seedling stage, tillering stage and panicle initiation stage, respectively. Water salinity during boro rice was 3.2 dS/m, 9.4 dS/m and 13.8 dS/m at seedling stage, tillering stage and panicle initiation stage, respectively. Other intercultural operations were done when necessary. The crop was harvested at full maturity. Maturity of crop was determined when about 90% grains became golden yellow. Grain and straw yields and plant parameters were recorded. The representative grain and straw samples were dried in an oven at 65⁰C for about 24 hours before they were ground by a grinding machine. The prepared samples were stored in paper bags and finally kept into desiccators until analysis. The N, P, K, S and Na contents from grain and straw samples were determined following standard method as described by Khanam et al. (2001). Data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance with the help of software package MSTAT-C. The significant differences between mean values were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences at P≤0.05 were considered significant.

Source of Information: Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 6, No. 1, April 2019 : 11-17

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Soil salinity reduced the growth and yield of four rice varieties. BR-23 variety produced higher yield than local cultivar Mohini in aman season while BINA dhan-8 produced higher yield than BRRI dhan29 in boro season. Organic amendments with both FYM and PM resulted in significant increases in growth and yield of all rice varieties under salinity conditions. Salinity also caused a decrease in nutrient uptake and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio in rice. Improved growth and yield of rice by organic amendments were accompanied with increased K⁺/Na⁺ ratio and nutrient uptake under salinity conditions. It can be concluded that organic amendments with FYM and PM confer tolerance to salinity in rice due to increasing nutrient uptake and maintaining higher K^+/Na⁺ ratio. However, crop cultivation in saline areas might be profitable with organic amendment of soils. Extensive field research work is needed in this area since organic manures like FYM and PM are more available and less expensive.

Knowledge Management: Journal