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Growth and Yield of Tomato as Affected by Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers

Kakon Saha
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Md Yamin Kabir
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Chhoa Mondal
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Md Abdul Mannan
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Unscrupulous use of synthetic fertilizers are not only increasing cost of tomato production but also decreasing tomato yield and quality, deteriorating soil health and environment. Organic manures can produce quality product as well as maintain soil health. Considering this verity an experiment was carried out at the Dr. Purnendu Gain Field Laboratory of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna to evaluate the performance of tomato crop under application of different organic and inorganic fertilizers. The experiment was designed in RCBD using two varieties (BARI Tomato-14 and BARI Tomato-15) and eight treatments [i) 100% Recommended fertilizer dose (RFD) for N, P and K; ii) 100% cowdung (CD); iii) 100% poultry manure (PM); iv) 100% vermi-compost (VC); v) 100% Mustard oil cake (MOC); vi) 100% organic manures (25% of each of CD , PM , VC and MOC); vii) 80% organic manure (20% of each of CD, PM, VC and MOC) + 20% RFD; viii) 60% organic manure (15% of each of CD, PM, VC and MOC) + 40% RFD].The tallest plant (77.5 cm) with maximum fruit length (5.98 cm), maximum number of flower clusters plant^-1(16.24), number of flowers cluster^-1(13.07), number of fruit clusters plant^-1(8.20) and number of fruits cluster^-1(6.97) were observed from combined effect of 60% organic manures with 40% RFD in BARI Tomato-15. On the contrary, this treatment produced maximum fruit diameter (6.29cm), maximum weight of individual fruit (91.43g) and the highest yield (87.17 t/ha) in BARI tomato-14. From economic point of view, maximum net return (Tk. 841345) as well as benefit cost ratio (5.11) was also observed from 60% organic manure + 40% RFD_.Thus, BARI tomato-14 with combination of organic manures (60%) and inorganic fertilizers (40%) provided better performance concerning growth, yield and economic aspects.

Keywords: Inorganic fertilizers, Organic manures, Tomato, BCR, Vermi-compost, Cowdung

Location: SRDI laboratory at Daulatpur, Khulna, Dr. Purnendu Gain Field Laboratory of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna

Start Date: 00-10-2014

End Date: 00-03-2015

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Non-commodity: Performance

Objectives:

The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance of two tomato varieties with different combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers.

Methodology:

Experimental site and soil- The experiment was conducted at the Dr. Purnendu Gain Field Laboratory of Agrotechnology Discipline (AEZ- 13, i.e. Ganges Tidal Floodplain) of Khulna University in Khulna, Bangladesh during the period from October 2014 to March 2015. Soil samples of the experimental plots were collected from a depth of 0 to 15 cm before conducting the experiment and analyzed in SRDI laboratory at Daulatpur, Khulna. The soil was clay loam in texture having pH 7.8, organic matter content 2.03%, total nitrogen 0.125%, available phosphorus 10.20 ppm, available potassium 5.2 ppm, zinc 1.57 ppm and boron 0.75 ppm. Treatments and design of the experiment: Two factors experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment consisted of 8 treatments (T) and 2 varieties (V). Application of manures and fertilizers- The entire amount of well decomposed cowdung, poultry manure, mustard oil cake and vermicompost were applied immediately after opening the land and the total amount of TSP was applied as basal dose during final land preparation. The urea and MoP were applied in two equal installments [21 and 35 days after transplanting (DAT)] by using ring method. Seed sowing and intercultural operations- Five grams of seeds were sown in each seedbed (3m × 1m). Heptachlor 40 WP was applied @ 4 kg ha^-1 in each seedbed as precautionary measure against ants and worms. Weeding, mulching and irrigation were done as and when necessary. The emergence of seedlings took place within 5 to 6 days after sowing. Healthy seedlings were uprooted from the seedbeds and transplanted in the plots (spacing 60 cm × 40 cm, 12 plants per plot) followed by watering. Various intercultural operations such as weeding, gap filling, staking and irrigation practices were conducted as required. Malathion 57EC was applied @ 2 mL L^-1 as preventive measure against insect pests like cut worms, leaf hoppers and fruit borers. Dithane M-45 @ 2 g L^-1 was applied fortnightly during the early vegetative stages against diseases. Collection of experimental data- Plant height (cm) at 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAT was recorded from the ground to the tip of stem. Then the number of fruits and flower per cluster and number of fruit and flower clusters per plant were also recorded. Fruits were harvested at 4 days interval starting from the early ripening stage to attaining red color. After that, length (cm) and diameter (cm) of twenty fruits per plot were measured by slide calipers. Weight of individual fruit and total fruits per plant (g) was eventually recorded from the selected plants by an electric balance. Economic analysis- Total material input costs, non-material input costs, interests on fixed capital of land and miscellaneous costs were considered for calculation of total cost of production. Interest was calculated @ 12% for six months and miscellaneous cost was considered as 5% of the total input cost. Gross income was calculated based on the sale price (Tk kg^-1) of marketable fruit and net return was calculated by deducting the total production cost from the gross return for each treatment combination. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) was calculated. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) = Gross income/Total cost of production. Analysis of data- The data were statistically analyzed by using the MSTAT-C statistical package. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed by F- test, and the treatment means were separated by the Duncan’s New Multiple’s Range test (DMRT).

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 500–506, 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i4.44618

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers resulted better yield of tomato. From the findings of the present study, it may be concluded that integrated application of 60% organic manures and 40% RFD can provide the best results for growth and yield of tomato. This study suggests that the effect of these manures can compensate up to 60% reduction of recommended fertilizers. Hence, both organic and inorganic fertilizers should be used by the farmers for profitable tomato production. However, further trials in different locations of the country with other treatment combinations are necessary before final recommendation at farmer’s level.

Knowledge Management: Journal