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Effect of Crop Establishment Methods on the Yield of Boro Rice

Afrina Rahman
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Abdus Salam
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Abdul Kader
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Yield and yield penalty as well as economic suitability of various high yielding varieties needed to be assessed by different crop establishment methods before promoting a sustainable crop establishment method in Bangladesh. There for, an experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2017 to June 2018 to study the effect of crop establishment methods on the yield and economics of boro rice. The experiment comprised of two factors; factor A: methods of crop establishment viz. dry direct seeding, unpuddle transplanting, AWD (Alternate Wetting and Drying) and puddle transplanting; factor B: rice cultivars viz. BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan58, BRRI dhan74 and BRRI hybrid dhan3. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications where method of crop establishment was assigned to the main plot and rice cultivar was assigned to the sub plots. The results showed that plant height, number of total tillers hill^-1, effective tillers hill^-1, number of grains panicle^-1, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index were significantly influenced by crop establishment methods. The highest grain yield (5.54 t ha^-1) was obtained in puddle transplanting method due to production of higher number of effective tiller hill^-1 and higher number of grains panicle^-1. Among varieties, the highest grain yield (4.80 t ha^-1) was obtained in BRRI hybrid dhan3. The highest grain yield (6.21 t ha^-1) was found in puddle transplanting with BRRI dhan28, while the lowest grain yield (2.80 t ha^-1) was produced in dry direct seeding with BRRI dhan28. From the economic analysis it is observed that the highest BCR (benefit cost ratio) was observed in puddle transplanting with BBRI dhan28. Puddle transplanting with BRRI dhan28 might be recommended for obtaining higher grain yield and higher BCR of boro rice.

Keywords: Crop establishment methods, Variety, Yield, Boro rice

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-11-2017

End Date: 00-06-2018

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

In this study, attempts have been made to test the possibility of optimizing and improving the yield and estimate the economics of boro rice by exploring different methods of crop establishment and different boro rice cultivars.

Methodology:

The research work was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. The experimental field belongs to the non-calcareous dark grey floodplain soil under the Agro-ecological Zone of the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain (AEZ-9) (FAO and UNDP, 1988) located at 24.75° N latitude and 90.50°E longitude at an elevation of 18 m above the sea level. The field was a medium high land with flat and well drained condition with the pH value of the soil ranged from 5.9-6.5. The experiment consists of two factors; factor A: methods of crop establishment viz. dry direct seeding, unpuddle transplanting, AWD (alternate wetting and drying) and puddle transplanting; Factor b: rice cultivars viz. BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan58, BRRI dhan74 and BRRI hybrid dhan3. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications where method of crop establishment was assigned to the main plot and rice cultivar was assigned to the sub plots. Thus total number of plot was 48. Each plot size was 4 m × 2.5 m. The distance between block to block was 1.0 m, the distance between replication to replication was 1.5 m and that of plot to plot distance was 0.75 m. A piece of land was selected at Agronomy Field Laboratory, BAU, Mymensingh to raise seedlings. The sprouted seeds were sown in the nursery bed on 22 November 2017 for puddle transplanting, unpuddle transplanting and AWD methods. The main field was prepared by power tiller with four times ploughing and cross ploughing followed by laddering. After laying out the land was fertilized with urea, MoP, triple super phosphate, gypsum and zinc sulphate @ 300-100-120-60-10 kg ha^-1, respectively (FRG, 2012). The entire amounts of TSP, MoP, gypsum and zinc sulphate were applied at the time of final land preparation. Urea was applied in three equal installments at 15, 30 and 45 days after transplanting. The seedlings were uprooted and immediately transferred to the main field for puddle transplanting, unpuddle transplanting and AWD methods on 30 December 2017 and for dry direct seeding method sprouted seeds were sown in the main field manually on the same date. Seedlings were transplanted at the rate of two seedlings hill^-1, maintaining a spacing of 25 cm × 15 cm. Weed was removed when necessary. Irrigation were given in the plots as per treatment specification eg. dry direct seeding, alternate wetting drying, unpuddle transplanting as well as puddle transplanting required only 7, 10, 15 and 15 irrigation, respectively. When 80-90% of the panicles turned into golden yellow color, the crop was assessed to attain maturity. The crops of puddle transplanting, unpuddle transplanting and AWD plots were harvested on 1 May 2018 at 160 DAS and dry direct seeding plots on 30 May 2018 at 151 DAS. Five hills (excluding border hills) were selected randomly from each unit plot for recording data. An area of central 1m × 1m was selected from each plot to record the yield of grain and straw. The harvested crop of each unit area was separately bundled, properly tagged and then brought to the threshing floor of the Agronomy Field Laboratory. Grains were separated from the plants by thresher. Grains were then sun dried at 14% moisture level and cleaned. The straw was also sun dried properly. Finally, the yields of grain and straw plot^-1 were recorded and converted to t ha^–1. Data were collected on plant height (cm), number of total tillers plant^–1, number of effective tillers plant^–1, panicle length (cm), number of grains panicle^–1, number of sterile spikelets panicle^–1, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (t ha^–1), straw yield (t ha^–1), harvest index (%). The collected data were compiled and tabulated in proper from and subjected to statistical analysis. Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance technique with the help of computer package program MSTAT-C and mean differences were adjudged by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). The cost of individual head of expenditure was recorded and partial budget analysis was done.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 521–525, 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i4.44621

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Therefore, in order to meet the projected rice demand of the nation in near future, considering the crop establishment methods, puddle transplanting with BRRI dhan28 could be a feasible not only to have a positive effect on rural economy by lowering the production cost but also contribute in increasing boro rice productivity.

Knowledge Management: Journal