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Morpho-phenological Traits and Yield Performance of Rice Cultivars as Affected by Submergence Stress

Md. Masudul Karim
Department of Crop Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Juiceball Hassan
Department of Crop Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Habibur Rahman Pramanik
Department of Crop Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Alamgir Hossain
Department of Crop Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Complete submergence up to 1-2 weeks of low land rice crops during flash floods occurs in large areas of South-East Asia including Bangladesh, resulting in increased mortality of plants as well as low productivity of rice crops. A pot experiment was conducted at the Net House, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during Aman season from July 2017 to December 2017 to evaluate morphological and phenological traits associated with submergence tolerance in rice. The experiment consisted of two factors—Rice cultivars (Binadhan-11, Binadhan-12, BRRI dhan51 and BRRI dhan52 as tolerant and BRRI dhan49 as susceptible) and submergence stress for 14 days at vegetative stage and control. Submergence stress was imposed by dipping of pots into a water tank with about 90 cm depth of water. After desubmergence, the plants were grown with proper care till maturity. Control plants are maintained in the pot house of field laboratory. Leaf greenness was measured after desubmergence to physiological maturity. The tolerant cultivars maintain higher leaf greenness for a long time than the susceptible cultivar after desubmergence. Reduction of grain filling rate and yield was significantly higher in susceptible cultivar than the tolerant cultivars. Among the five cultivars, BRRI dhan51 contributed the highest yield under stress treatment. Submergence tolerant rice cultivars (Binadhan-11, Binadhan-12, BRRI Dhan51 and BRRI Dhan52) had maintained higher tiller number, 1000-grain weight and the higher number of grains per panicle during submergence, as compared to susceptible rice cultivar BRRI Dhan49.

Keywords: Rice, Submergence stress, Grain filling, Leaf greenness, Yield

Location: Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-07-2017

End Date: 00-12-2017

Program Area: Variety and Species

Non-commodity: Submergence

Objectives:

To examine the effects of submergence stress on grain yield, leaf greenness along with phenological traits of different rice cultivars.

Methodology:

Experimental Materials- Five cultivars of rice of which one submergence susceptible BRRI dhan49 and other four submergence tolerant rice cultivars BRRI dhan51, BRRI dhan52, Binadhan-11 and Binadhan-12 were used for the study. Seeds of BRRI dhan49, BRRI dhan51 and BRRI dhan52 were collected from Plant Breeding Division of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI). Seeds of Binadhan-11 and Binadhan-12 were collected from Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA). Conduction of the experiment- The experiment was conducted during the period from July 2017 to December 2017 in plastic pots at the Net House, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The study was laid out as a two-factor experiment in completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 treatments and 3 replications. Factor A: Five rice cultivars (Binadhan-11, Binadhan-12, BRRI dhan51 and BRRI dhan52 as tolerant and BRRI dhan49 as susceptible) and Factor B: Submergence stress (control and submerged condition). A total of 100 pots were prepared as it was a destructive method both for submergence stress and control. For sampling, we made out the plants from the submergence stress and after recording data we did not place it again to the water tank. Well-pulverized soil was mixed with well-decomposed cow dung properly. The plastic pots were filled with soil and cow dung mixture (2:1). Each pot contained about 10 kg of soil and cow dung mixture. Seeds of five cultivars were sown at five different trays on 20 June, 2017. The 20 days old seedlings were transplanted into the prepared pots on 10 July, 2017. Fertilizers were applied in the experimental pots as recommended dose. Weed free condition was maintained throughout the season. Watering was done when needed. Insecticide and pesticide were applied to maintain insect and disease free condition. The water tank was partially filled with tap water of about 0.5 m height and about 45 pots with rice plants (9 pots of each rice cultivar) were dipped in the water of the tank one by one gently. The height of the tank water was raised gradually to submerge the plants completely. The light intensity of the tank water at 15 cm and 30 cm depth were measured 65.72 and 47.32 µmol by Light meter (Model- LI- 250A, Licor Bio-Sciences, USA). The light intensity of air also measured and it was 240 µmol. Dissolved oxygen concentration was measured by DO meter (HANNA Instrument, Germany) and it was 10.50 ppm by DO meter. The temperature of the water was measured as 30.8ºC. The water height was kept constant by the daily supply of tap water. After 14 days of submergence, the pots with plants were removed from the water tank after draining the water from the tank using a siphoning pipe. Then the pots were placed in a sunny and restricted place and were allowed the plants to be established successfully. Sampling- Grain filling period was defined as the duration from anthesis to physiological maturity. The date of anthesis was determined when the anthers extruded in 50% of the panicles in the field and the date of physiological maturity was the day when the grain attained its maximum weight. The days to anthesis was calculated as the duration from sowing to anthesis. The grains were separated from the panicles with tweezers and weighed. The average rate of grain filling was estimated as maximum grain weight divided by the duration (Julian days), assuming that grain weight was zero at anthesis. Estimation of leaf greenness- The greenness of the flag leaves (or topmost leaves in absence of flag leaves) was measured at different days after desubmergence in all cultivars with a chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502; Konica Minolta Sensing Inc., Osaka, Japan). SPAD readings were taken at three positions (near base, near apex and middle) of the leaf and were averaged for each leaf. Three leaves were measured and the readings were averaged for a pot. Harvesting and data recording- The plants were harvested at maturity for yield and yield components at different dates for control and different days after submergence for stressed plants. The panicles were counted and the plants were dried for 48 h at 80°C and weighed to determine the biomass yield. All panicles were hand-threshed and weighed for grain yield. One thousand grains were counted and weighed to determine 1000-grain weight. The harvest index was calculated as the grain yield divided by total dry mass. Statistical analysis- All data on yield and yield components were subjected to two factors (cultivar, submergence stress) analysis of variance in completely randomized design (CRD). All data were analyzed statistically using MS Office Excel application.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 545–550, 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i4.44624

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Increasing submergence duration resulted in decreased tiller number per plant in susceptible cultivars. Submergence tolerant rice cultivars (Binadhan-11, Binadhan-12, BRRI Dhan51 and BRRI Dhan52) had maintained higher tiller number, 1000-grain weight, a higher number of grains per panicle and higher leaf greenness after submergence stress, as compared to susceptible rice cultivar BRRI Dhan49. So these traits can be considered as selection criteria for submergence tolerant rice cultivar.

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