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Socio Economic Condition of Black Bengal Goat Farmers and Their Goat Management in Rural Areas of North Bengal Region, Bangladesh

Nusrat Zahan Shoshe
Department of Livestock Production and Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet

Md. Tariqul Islam
Department of National Security Intelligence, Dhaka

Md. Abdullah-Al-Mahmud
Veterinary Medical Science and Technology Institute, Sirajganj, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was conducted on 300 farmers of five districts in north Bengal region, Bangladesh to know the socio economic status of farmers and their goat management system. We have found that 82% farmers are Muslim and 70% females are involved with goat farming. Survey showed that 47% goat farmer’s age range is (15-30 year) and 68% (46% female and 22% male) farmers are in primary standard level. Landless or small marginal farmers are involved with goat farming (37%). This study reflects that 54% farmer’s annual income is within 10,000 Tk whether 37% goat farmers earn between (10,000-20,000 Tk) per year. Only 9% farmers earn more than 20,000 Tk per year. 100% farmers in rural area rear their goat by semi intensive system; 82% and 18% farmers use kacha and paka floor respectively. 86% farmers supply concentrates feed with green grass whereas only 14% farmers do not supply any concentrate feed to their goat. Farmers supplied 2.63±0.05kg/day green grass, 60.00±5.86g/day concentrate and 0.62±0.03kg/day tree leaves per animal during lactation stage. Maximum (61%) farmers have more than 10 goat and 25% have 5-10 no. of goat. The body wt of buckling, doeling, buck and doe were 6.12± 0.04kg, 5.92± 0.06 kg, 8.45±0.10 kg and 7.44±0.04 kg respectively. Most of the farmers (84%) use natural and few farmers (16%) use artificial insemination to their doe. The incidence of pneumonia (61%), fever (43%), diarrhoea (42%) and anorexia (60%) are high in up to 1 month of age. Incidence of goat pox (58%) and alopecia (54%) are high in the age of above 9 months and ectoparasitic infestations (51%) are high in the age of (1-9) months. From above discussions we can concluded that Socio economic condition of farmers in rural area of North Bengal region is not so good. To enhance the production potential of the breed it is essential to introduce superior technologies and to create necessary facilities of improved practices in goat keeping.

Keywords: Black Bengal goat, Socio-economic, Condition of farmers, Management system

Location: Sirajgonj, Natore, Pabna, Bogra and Rajshahi district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2016

End Date: 00-01-2017

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

To determine the Socio Economic Condition of Black Bengal Goat Farmers and their Goat Management in Rural areas of North Bengal Region, Bangladesh

Methodology:

The survey was conducted on three hundred (300) farmers and three thousand (3000) goat in five district of north Bengal region, Bangladesh. The study area was Sirajgonj, Natore, Pabna, Bogra and Rajshahi district. Three villages of each district were selected for our survey. The survey was conducted on twenty farmers from each village. Data were collected by pre-structured questionnaire from farmers. Survey time was January 2016 to January 2017. Data on socio-economic condition of goat farmers (religion, sex, age, education, occupation and annual income), management system of goat (housing and feeding) and goat flock information (flock size, age and body wt of goat, breeding and incidence of various diseases) were collected. The data were computerized and analyzed to know about different factors of goat farming as well as farmers. Descriptive statistics menu was used to measure mean values of body weight of goat but analyses were performed for having the farmer’s distribution under different studied parameters using the cross tabulation procedure under statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS, 1998) version. At study sites about 82% goat farmers are Muslim. 70% females are involved with goat farming. Almost cleaning and washing of goat shed is done by women. Child members also play role in kid rearing and grazing of goats. We have found that 47% goat farmer’s age range is (15-30) yr and they are female and 20% farmer’s are male whose age range is (30-45) yr. Survey data indicated that educational qualification of Black Bengal goat farmers in rural area of north Bengal region is not so good. 46% female farmers are in primary standard level and 10% are in secondary standard level. The number of illiterate female farmer is 14% and male farmer is 2%. 22% male farmers are in primary standard level and 6% are in secondary standard level. In rural area of north Bengal region landless or small marginal farmers are involved with goat farming and it is about 37%. 30% goat farmers are involved with agriculture, 20% farmers are involved with fisheries and 10% farmers are involved with small business. Only 3% service holder people are engaged with Black Bengal goat farming. Survey data showed that 54% farmer’s annual income is within 10,000 Tk whether 37% goat farmers earn between (10,000-20,000 Tk) per year. Only 9% farmers earn more than 20,00 Tk per year from goat farming in north Bengal region of Bangladesh. Survey data showed that 100% farmer in rural area rear their goat by semi intensive system. Though Hossain et al., (2015) reported few goat farmers reared their goats in free range and intensive system. Most of the farmers kept their goats at goat’s house but Pattamarakha et al., (1997) found most of the farmers did not have shelters for their goats. Among three hundred (300) families 82% farmers make their goat shed by paddy straw and bamboo with mud floor (kacha) and 18% farmer make their goat shed by brick with cemented floor (paka). 61% farmers make separate house for goat and some farmers keep goat at night in their living room (4%), in veranda of living room (18%).In addition, 17% farmer keep goat at night in their cattle shed. Total 3000 Black Bengal goat were under survey. We divided all goats according to their age to determine the body wt at different stage. Survey showed that birth wt of male kid and female kid was 1.56±0.06 kg and 1.38±0.06kg respectively. Weaning wt of male kid and female kid were 5.35±0.16kg and 4.96±0.15kg respectively. The body wt of buckling, doeling, buck and doe were 6.12± 0.04kg, 5.92± 0.06 kg, 8.45±0.10 kg and 7.44±0.04 kg, respectively. Birth and weaning weight of male kids were higher than that of female kids and birth weight at present study were higher than 1.28±0.11 kg (Faruque et al., 2010). Black Bengal goat is vulnerable to rain water and water logging conditions. This breed is usually not suffered from major disease problem for their high disease resistance capacity. Incidence of various clinical manifestations like pneumonia, fever, diarrhoea, ectoparasitic infestation, pox, anorexia, alopecia is common in this breed.

Source of Information: Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 6, No. 1, April 2019 : 111-118.

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Achievement/Findings:

In rural area of north Bengal region, Bangladesh all farmers rear their goat by semi intensive method. Maximum farmers are muslim region. The educational qualifications of farmers are not standard. Women are mostly involved with goat farming. Goat is mostly reared by middle aged farmers. Many of these people rear goat to assist in reaching self-sufficiency. Therefore, goats are considered to play important role in poverty reduction. Most of the farmers keep their goat at night in separate house. Maximum farmers provide bedding materials to the floor in winter season. Maximum farmers provide concentrate feed with green grass. Farmers supplied more amount of concentrate feed their lactating animal than their pregnant doe. They use individual feeder for green grass and concentrate. They supply adequate amount of water to their goat in individual waterer. Flock sizes of the maximum farmers are more than 10 in no. Body weight is always higher in male than female. Most of the farmers use their own buck or other villager’s buck for insemination of their doe. Goats are also considered to play role in generating employment, income, capital and improving household nutrition. Due to lack of proper vaccination and deworming goats are suffered from various diseases. To enhance the production potential of the breed it is essential to introduce superior technologies and to create necessary facilities of improved practices in goat keeping. From above discussions we can concluded that Socio economic condition of farmers in rural area of north Bengal region is not so good. They are more careful about feeding than housing, health and breeding of goat.

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