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Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Survey on Avian Influenza in Three Districts of Bangladesh

S. K. Sarker
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

S. M. M. R. Sumon
1Department of Medicine, 2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh; 3Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. A. H. N. A Khan
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. T. Islam
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Avian influenza (AI) could have potential public health threat in Bangladesh. The present study aimed to acquire the information on knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of the backyard and commercial poultry farmers, farm workers, live bird seller, live bird market workers and transporters, and identify risk factors related to KAP on poultry rearing and other practices pertaining to AI. This survey was conducted in Gazipur, Mymensingh (AI reported districts) and Habiganj (AI non-affected district). A total number of 600 respondents were interviewed with a structured questionnaire prepared in Magpi and data were collected using Android smart phone. More than half (55.7%) respondents had heard about AI and mass media was the predominant source of information (46.7%). A total of 60.2% of the respondents agreed that AI is a serious and 65.7% agreed that it is a preventable disease. Regarding hygienic practices 32% respondents use disinfectant regularly and 73.2% respondents wash hands after handling of birds. Protective measures such as the use of gloves and mask were not used by 93% respondents. The results indicated a higher knowledge score among the respondents of affected areas than those of non-affected areas. Regarding the attitude score, it was revealed that 54.5% of respondents had good attitude scores towards AI. That is understood that the majority of respondents had positive attitude towards AI. Regarding the practices score, it revealed that 49.5% had practice at a satisfactory level. The practice score was more satisfactory among the respondents of affected areas than those of non-affected areas. The information on levels of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding AI gathered in this study could provide scientific support to assist the Bangladesh government in developing strategies and health education campaigns to prevent transmission of the AI virus among the general population.

Keywords: Avian influenza, Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, Cross-sectional study, poultry

Location: Gazipur, Mymensingh and Habiganj District.

Start Date: 00-01-2014

End Date: 00-05-2014

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Poultry

Objectives:

i) To acquire information about the understanding of respondent knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) on poultry rearing and other practices pertaining to Avian Influenza (AI) both in AI infected and non-infected areas, and ii) To identify the risk factors related to KAP on poultry rearing and other practices pertaining to AI.

Methodology:

Study area, population and duration- There were 51 districts in Bangladesh reported to be affected with AI and 13 districts reported non-affected (OIE, 2013b). The study was conducted in three districts, two of which were randomly selected from affected districts and one from non-affected districts. The affected districts were Gazipur and Mymensingh and non- affected district was Habiganj. Two affected upazilas Sreepur and Mymensingh Sadar were selected randomly from Gazipur and Mymensingh districts respectively. Two non-affected upazilas Habiganj Sadar and Chunarughat were selected from Habiganj District. Three hundred respondents were interviewed from affected upazila and three hundred respondents from non-affected upazilas; 300 interviewed having 150 from each upazila. Respondents were commercial poultry farmers, backyard farmers, farm workers, live bird market workers, live bird seller and poultry transporters. The study was conducted during January to May, 2014. Data collection- A cross sectional study was conducted with a structured questionnaire prepared in Magpi (www.magpi.com) and data were collected using android smart phone. Respondents were interviewed in their working place. The questionnaire was carefully explained so that they could answer the questions properly and easily. The questionnaire contained 54 items which included socio-demographic data, questions regarding knowledge, attitude and practices regarding avian influenza. Most of the questions were closed-ended. Direct observations were also made to compare with respondents? answers and thus the respondents were cross-questioned to have the real fact. Socio-demographic data- In this part, 8 questions were included. They questions were about address, age, sex, education, occupation etc. The ages of informants ranged from 18 to above 45. The ages of all respondents arranged into four categories namely 18-25 years, 26-35 years, and 36-45 years and above 45 years. Knowledge of AI- There were 10 questions in this section. The knowledge section comprised of questions about knowledge on AI: source of AI, species which are affected by AI, method of transmission to humans and to poultry, symptoms both in poultry and human and contagious nature of AI. The questions were scored with 1 for correct and 0 for incorrect answer and thus the total scores was 15. Levels of knowledge score were categorized as ≤5, 6 – 10 and ≥11. Attitudes towards AI- This section contained 15 questions such as it kills both human and bird, would you accept AI vaccine, would take you treatment, seriousness of AI, whether preventable or not, eating behaviors etc. Each item contained binary choices: “agree” and “disagree” or “yes” and “no”. A score of 1 was given for appropriate attitude and 0 for inappropriate attitude. The total scores were 15. The levels of attitude scores were grouped into three categories as ≤5; 6 – 10 and ≥11. Practices related to AI- This section contained 24 items. These included using protective clothes, gloves, washing hands, instruments, disinfection of poultry place, reporting to veterinary personnel, handling of dead poultry, separation of poultry from other animals etc. The scoring method was applied for each item: 1 point was given for “appropriate practice” and 0 for “inappropriate” practice. The total score was 23. Practice scores were categorized as ≤8, 9 – 16 and ≥17. Data analysis- Data stored real time in Magpi web server were extracted as MS Access file and read into Epi-Info software versions 3.5.3(CDC, Atlanta). Proportions of the respondents in terms of knowledge, attitude and practice for affected and non-infected areas were compared using chi-square test. The multiple linear regression models was used to analyze possible influencing factors associated with respondents? AI knowledge and attitudes. The comparison of KAP scores between affected and non-affected areas was done using Mann-Whitney test by using SPSS v.20. For all analyses, significance levels were two-tailed, and a P-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2016). 14 (1): 27-36

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v14i1.28819

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, the results of this study illustrates that, most of the respondents had no detailed knowledge of AI, had a great perceived risk of experiencing avian influenza, and had a low level of practices and protective behavior. These findings indicate that tailored educational programme is needed to correct these deficiencies and measuring their effectiveness on improving the knowledge and practice should have the priority to encourage the population to take a more active role. Nevertheless, it is important to consider that dissemination and widespread adoption of preventive measures require education. It was observed that most of the respondents had interest in learning more about avian influenza. Designing and implementing avian influenza educational programs and measuring their effectiveness should be priorities to incentive the population to take a more active role. However, tailored educational programs, including booklets and seminars, could be beneficial in improving self-risk assessment of poultry workers.

Knowledge Management: Journal