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Anthelmintic Efficacy of Some Medicinal Plants to Control Mange in Goat in Bangladesh

Shaziea Rahman
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Bidhan Chandra Das
Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Parasitism is an important limiting factor that responsible for deteriorating the health and productivity of livestock. Goat rearing is hindered by various problems, among them parasitism is an important limiting factor in Bangladesh as the climatic condition of the country favors the development and survival of various parasites. Of the parasitic problems, ectoparasitic infestations are commonly seen in goats. Common ectoparasites of animals are ticks, lice and mites which cause considerable amount of blood loss, irritation and annoyance. Mange infested goats bite and rub the affected area so that the affected skin becomes abraded. Ectoparasitic infestations reduce the quality and market value of valuable skin. Besides, ectoparasites transmit various types of deadly pathogens of animals. The objectives of this study to find out the alternative measures of mange control especially with herbal products. In the experimental study of mange control, fifteen affected goats of both sexes, aged between 10 and 30 months which were divided into four groups randomly and 3 goats were considered in each group. The treatments were considered with control (A), Neem ointment (B), Ata ointment (C), Mehedi ointment (D).The control experiment was conducted during November’2012 to December’2012 in Rajshahi district of Bangladesh. A descriptive statistical analysis and ANOVA were used for the results of clinical parameters (hair coat, skin lesion bodyweight and adverse effects). The recovery of skin lesion was statistically significant (P<0.10) in all treatment groups except control group (P>0.10).The bodyweight was increased in all treatment groups and it was decreased in control group which was significant (P>0.10). In the herbal ointments, Neem (Azadirachtaindica) was more effective for control of mange in goats than Mehidi (Lawsoniainermis) and Ata (Annonareticulata). Further studies are required to clarify the efficacy of the ethno veterinary widely used in agro ecologies, animal species and livestock management system in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Control, Mange, Goat, Medicinal plants, Neem, Mehidi

Location: Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajshahi University

Start Date: 00-11-2012

End Date: 00-12-2012

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Medicinal Plants, Goat

Objectives:

The objectives of this study to find out the alternative measures of mange control especially with herbal products.

Methodology:

Control of mange using herbal products-The research was conducted to study the efficacy of herbal products for mange control in goats in veterinary practice. The locally available medicinal plant (Neem, Ata and Mehedi) were selected with the aim for comparative investigation of the efficacy of anthelmintic activity on mange and on some clinical parameters in goats. Collection of medicine and herbal products-The leaves of Neem (Azadirachtaindica A.Juss., 1830), Ata (Annonareticulata Linnaeus, 1758) and Mehedi (Lawsoniainermis Linnaeus, 1758) were collected from local villages of Motihar Upazila in Rajshahi district. The required chemicals to prepare ointments were Vaseline and Butylated hydroxyl anisole (LobaChemie Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India) and these were purchased from the local market. Vaseline was used as vehicle in the herbal ointment and Butylated hydroxyl anisole was used as preservative in the ointment were prepared in the laboratory of the Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajshahi University. Preparation of herbal ointment-The required materials for preparation of ointment were leaves of Neem, Ata and Mehedi and Vaseline, Butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA), hot air oven, grinder, slab, spatula, plastic tube, sieve, measuring balance, cotton, paper and spoon. The procedure of ointment preparation was followed systematically. At first the leaves of Neem, Ata and Mehedi were wiped with cotton and these were kept in separate steel tray in hot air oven. The temperature in the oven was maintained at 37ºC and then it was gradually increased at 40ºC, 50ºC and 60ºC. The relative humidity was maintained as 60 per cent. In this way the leaves were dried within 5 days. Then the dried leaves were grinded separately by grinder. The grinding of leaves was done three times for making fine particles. Then the fine particles of leaves were sieved separately by a sieve. These were weighted by using measuring balance separately. In the preparation of 100 gm ointment of Neem, Ata and Mehedi, 20 gm of each leave, 79.5 gm of Vaseline and 0.5 gm of Butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) were mixed smoothly on a slab with a spatula. Then the prepared ointments were kept in plastic containers separately. Then the ointments were taken in small plastic tubes for applying convenience. Selection of goat and experimental schedule- Fifteen affected goats of both sexes aged between 10 and 30 months were selected for treatments from different areas of Rajshahi district. The experiment of control was conducted at Dalal Para of Katakhali in Rajshahi district during the period from November’2012 to December’2012. All of the experimental goats were divided into 5 groups randomly and 3 goats were considered in each group. The sample size for each group was statistically sufficient. Specific treatment groups were selected by tossing a coin. The experimental groups were named as A, B, C and D. All groups were considered under different treatments as control (A), Neem ointment (B), Ata ointment (C) and Mehedi ointment (D).The goats affected by ectoparasites were considered for the selective herbal preparations for experiment. The collected samples for ectoparasites (mites) from different body regions of the goats were examined as per the protocol referred to earlier in order to assess some clinical parameters likehair coat, skin lesion, bodyweight and adverse effects on day 0 (before the start of the treatment) and days 7, 14, 21, and 28 (during the treatments).The digital balance was used to measure bodyweight. Clinical parameters-Hair coat-Hair coat of each affected goat of different treatment groups as well as non-treatment groups (control groups) was physically examined by visual examination on day 0 (pre-treatment) and days 7^th, 14^th, 21^st and 28^th (post-treatment) following the earlier mentioned schedule. Skin lesions-The severity of infestation of mite was observed by the skin lesion of individual goat. The skin lesions were studied on the basis of gross pathological changes which were observed at pretreatment (0 day) and (7^th, 14^th, 21^th, 28^th) treatment period by visual examination of the goats. Body weight-The effects of herbal preparations on bodyweight were observed following a standard schedule. The parameter body weight of each goats of different treatment groups and non-treatment groups was taken on day 0 (before starting the treatment that was considered as control group) and days 7, 14, 21, and 28 (during the post-treatment period). It was measured by using the digital balance.

Source of Information: Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(3): 389-396, December 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v6i3.44804

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The herbal ointments, Neem (Azadirachtaindica) was more effective for control of mange in goats than Mehidi (Lawsoniainermis) and Ata (Annonareticulata).The body weight was increased may be due to removal of parasitic load might have had facilitate the weight regain through proper digestion, absorption and metabolism of feed nutrients. The adverse effects of herbal drugs in experimental goats were not found during the treatment period.

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