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Effect of Different Spawn Seed on Growth and Varieties of the Oyster Mushrooms (pleurotus Spp.)

Farida Akter
Jute Seed Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC) Dhaka- 1000, Bangladesh

Kamal Uddin Ahmed
Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Nuruddin Miah
Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The effect of different spawn seed on different variety show significant effect on mycelia running rate of oyster mushroom that reduced the required days to complete mycelium running in the spawn packet compared to the sawdust alone. Effect of different spawn seed on different variety found to be significant in yield contributing characters and yield of oyster mushroom with some extent. The highest biological yield, economic yield, dry yield, biological efficiency (BE) and benefit cost ratio (BCR) 264.9g, 259.3g, 25.17g, 86.90, 9.11% respectively was observed in maize based spawn seed on the Pleurotus florida variety. Effect of different spawn seed on different variety has a profound effect on chemical composition of oyster mushroom. Considering all the parameters in this experiment, maize based spawn seed on the Pleurotus florida variety is found promising for lowering the cost of production as well as increasing the yield and quality of fruiting body. Wheat based spawn seed on the Pleuorotus ostreatus variety may be the fair choice.

Keywords: Spawn seed, Growth, Varieties, Mushrooms

Location: Biochemistry Laboratory and Mushroom Culture House (MCH) of the Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

Start Date: 00-11-2011

End Date: 00-04-2012

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Mushroom

Objectives:

The present study has been carried out to know the suitable spawn seed on different variety for growing oyster mushroom and prepare suitable spawn seed for mushroom production in Bangladesh to increase the yield.

Methodology:

Experiment site- The experiment was carried out at the Biochemistry Laboratory and Mushroom Culture House (MCH) of the Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, During November, 2011 to April, 2011. Vegetative seed or spawn of Oyster mushroom was collected and generated by subculture in MCH. The generated subculture spawn were used in different treatment and experiment. Experiments and treatments- Experiment with nine treatments with three replications was conducted to achieve the objectives. The treatments were as follows:T₁C : Chickpea + Pleurotus cystidiosus; T₂C : Maize + Pleurotus cystidiosus; T₃C : Wheat + Pleurotus cystidiosus; T₁F : Chickpea + Pleurotus florida; T₂F : Maize + Pleurotus florida; T₃F : Wheat + Pleurotus florida T₁PO₂ : Chickpea + Pleurotus ostreatus T₂PO₂ : Maize + Pleurotus ostreatus T₃PO₂ : Wheat + Pleurotus ostreatus. Sterilization- In the Laboratory, all instruments, glassware and culture media were sterilized by autoclaving for maintaining sterility. The bottles containing the media and also spawn packets were autoclaved with 15 PSI at 121ºC for 1-2 hours. The culture media were allowed to be cold under normal condition after autoclaving. The culture room of the laboratory was cleaned by gently washing with detergent followed by 70% ethyl alcohol regularly. Before inoculation, Laminer airflow cabinet was sterilized using ultraviolet light for 30 minutes keeping blower active. Conduction of the experiment- Preparation of PDA media- At first, 250 g potatoes were washed, peeled and sliced to prepare 1000 ml PDA media. Then peeled and sliced potatoes were boiled in water to make them soft and also filtered through a cheese cloth. Further water was added to get 1000 ml media. After adding 18 g agar and 20 g dextrose, it was heated and stirred for about 45 minutes. Then 10 ml media was taken into each of the test tube and mouths of the test tubes were plugged with cotton and brown paper. After that all the test tubes were sterilized in an autoclave for 20 minutes at 121ºC and 1.5kg /cm pressure. Preparation of mother spawn- Mother culture substrate was prepared by using sawdust. Sawdust was sieved and sun dried. The mother culture substrate was prepared by sawdust and wheat bran in 2:1 ratio with 0.1% calcium carbonate (Ruhul Amin, 2002). Then it was mixed thoroughly with hands and maintained 55% moisture content by adding sufficient water. Then 200 gm of mixture was packed tightly 18 X 25 cm polypropylene (PP) bag. Each of the bags was prepared by using bamboo neck and plugged the neck with cotton and covered with brown paper placing rubber band to hold it tightly in place. The packets were sterilized for 1 hour at 121°C with 1.5 kg/cm² pressure in an autoclave and kept them for cooling. Then inocula from pure culture were placed aseptically to the mother spawn packets. The packets after inoculation were again plugged with cotton and were kept at 20- 22°C for spawn running. The whole packet containing substrate became white due to fungal mycelia proliferation within 15-20 days and thus ready for spawning the substrate. Low cost spawn production of Oyster mushroom- Preparation of substrates and packets- Spawn packets using different substrates were prepared separately. With spawn preparing substrate; different supplements (at the different rate on dry weight basis) and CaCO₃ (1g per packet) was added. The measured materials were taken in a plastic bowl and mixed thoroughly by hand and moisture was increased by adding water. Moisture was measured by using the moisture meter and adjusted the moisture content at 65%. The mixed substrates were filled into 7 X 11 inch polypropylene bag @ 500 g. The filled polypropylene bags were prepared by using bamboo neck and plugged the neck with cotton and covered with brown paper placing rubber band to hold it tightly in place. Sterilization, inoculation and mycelium running in spawn packets- Therefore the packets were sterilized about 1 hrs and then these were kept for cooling. After cooling, 5g mother spawn were inoculated into the packets in the laminar airflow cabinet and were kept at 20-22°C temperature until the packets become white with the mushroom mycelium. Cultivation of spawn packet- Two ends, opposite to each other of the upper position of plastic bag were cut in "D" shape with a blade and opened by removing the plastic sheet after which the opened surface of substrate was scraped slightly with a tea spoon for removing the thin whitish mycelial layer. Then the spawn packets were soaked in water for 15 minutes and invested to remove excess water for another 15 minutes. The packets of each type were placed separately on the door of culture room and covered with the newspaper. The moisture of the culture room was maintained 80-85 on relative humidity by spraying water 3 times a day. The light around 300-500 lux and ventilation of culture house was maintained uniformly. The temperature of culture house was maintained 22°C to 25°C. The first primordia appeared 2-4 days after scribing depending upon the type of substrate. The harvesting time also varied depending upon the type of substrate. Collection of produced mushrooms- Oyster mushrooms matured within 2-3 days after primordia initiation. The matured fruiting body was identified by cural margin of the cap. Mushrooms were harvested by twisting to uproot from the base. Data collection- Mycelial growth was counted by taking the full packet as a full unit and generally the data was taken at every two days intervals. Mycelium running rate (MRR) for each type of substrate was measured after the mycelium colony cross the shoulder of the packet. The linear length was measured at different places of packet. Statistical analysis of data- The experiment was laid out in single factor CRD (Complete Randomized Design). The experiment considered experiments with 5 treatments with 3 replications and 3 spawn packets in each replication. The data for the characters considered in the present experiments were statistically analyzed following the Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The analysis of variance was conducted and means were compared following least significant difference (LSD) test at 1% and 5% level of probability for interpretation of results (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 181-192, August 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v6i2.42964

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The costly spawn or vegetative seed (Tk.8-10/packet) is one of the important constrain for the extension of mushroom production in the country. Therefore investigation on low cost spawn packets production for high yield and quality mushroom using available low cost spawn for the growers is an urgent demand. The effect of different spawn on different variety showed significant effect on mycelial running rate of oyster mushroom that reduced the required days to complete mycelium running in the spawn packet compared to the sawdust alone. The effect of different spawn on different variety found to be significant in yield and yield contributing characters of oyster mushroom with some extent. Average number of primordia, fruiting body and effective fruiting body, weight of fruiting body and dimension of fruiting body, yield, biological efficiency and benefit cost ratio (BCR) was showed higher in case of wheat with Pleurotus ostreatus, maize with Pleurotus florida. In this experiment more than one treatment performed better based on benefit cost ratio, therefore, aize with Pleurotus florida can be rccommended as an economically effective low cost spawn. On the other hand wheat with pleurotus ostreatus may be a fair option.

Knowledge Management: Journal