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Bulb and Seed Yield Potentials of Summer Onion Variety Developed Through Induced Mutation

M. A. K Azad
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture BAU Campus, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M. Ali
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture BAU Campus, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

F. Yasmine
Plant Breeding Division Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture BAU Campus, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M. Kamruzzaman
Plant Breeding Division Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture BAU Campus, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

With a view to improve bulb and seed yield potentials of summer onion, seeds of BARI Piaz-2 were irradiated with 75 Gy, 100 Gy and 125 Gy doses of gamma rays from a ⁶⁰Co source in 2006.Fifty four days old seedlings were transplanted on 20 January 2007.Thirteen, 12 and 9 M1 plants, respectively, from 75 Gy, 100 Gy and 125 Gy doses produced fertile seeds which were kept separately dose wise. In M₂generation, seedlings of 13 progenies from 75 Gy, 10 from 100 Gy and 7 from 125 Gy were transplanted on 15 December 2008 in plant- progeny- rows and 11, 7 and 6, respectively, were selected based on higher percentage of seed producing plants compare to parent BARI Piaz-2.In M₃and M₄generations, 13 progenies, 6 each from 75 Gy and 100 Gy and the other from 125 Gy were further selected based on higher seed yield than the parent. Additionally, in M₃ generation, observation trial with the above 13 mutant lines for bulb yield potential in Kharif-I seasonin 2011 revealed the mutant lines BP2/75/5 and BP2/100/2 had significantly higher fresh and dry bulb yield than BARI Piaz-2 and that of BP2/75/2 had not differed significantly. Shelf life expressed here as rate of weight loss on storage for 2.0 months under ambient condition exhibited all the 13 mutants had longer shelf life than the parent and the check variety. The mutant BP2/100/2 had the longest shelf life followed by BP2/125/1 and BP2/100/12 and BP2/75/13. Preliminary yield trial for seed yield potential in M4 generation in winter season of 2011-2012 showed all the 13 mutant lines could produce seed from seed in the same season but the parent BARI Piaz-2 failed. In advance yield trial for bulb yield potential in Kharif-II season of 2012, the mutants BP2/75/2, BP2/75/5 and BP2/100/2 produced significantly higher bulb yields at Ishurdi and Magura than the check variety BARI Piaz-3.Unlike Kharif-I season the shelf life of the bulbs of mutants and the check variety did not differ significantly in Kharif-II although yield was almost double. Advance yield trial for seed yield potentials in 2012-13 of five selected mutants showed all the mutant lines produced sufficient seeds from seed in the same season like preliminary yield trial. Seed production of the mutants ranged from 798-1193 kg/ha with the highest being in BP2/75/3 followed by BP2/75/2 while the parent BARI Piaz-2 produced the lowest seed yield of all.

Keywords: Summer onion; Mutation; Shelf life; Seed yield.

Location: BINA Head Quarter’s farm at Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2012

End Date: 00-00-2013

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Onion

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to develop high bulb and seed yielding summer onion mutant(s) which can produce seed from seed in the same year and longer shelf life through induced mutation.

Methodology:

The seeds of BARI Piaz-2 were irradiated with 75 Gy, 100 Gy and 125 Gy doses of gamma rays from a ⁶⁰Co source and sprouted seeds were sown dose wise at BINA Head Quarter’s farm at Mymensingh on 28 November, 2007. Seedlings were transplanted on 20 January 2008 dose wise in a raised bed of 3 m×1 m at a distance of 20 cm within rows of 30 cm apart. At maturity, the plants that produced fertile seeds were harvested in April-May and kept separately plant and dose-wise. M₂. Seeds of 31 M₂ populations and the parent variety were sprouted and sown on 23 October, 2008. The seedlings were transplanted after 54 days on 15 December at a distance of 20 cm within rows of 30 cm apart in a raised bed at BINA Sub-station farm, Ishurdi following non replicated plant-progeny-rows. Fertilizers were applied for seed production at the rate of N 115 kg, K 75 kg, P 55 kg, S 20 kg, Zn 1.0 kg and B 0.85kg/ha in the form of Urea, Muriate of Potash (MoP), Triple Super Phosphate (TSP), Zypsum, Zinc Oxide and Boric Acid together with 10 tons/ha of farm yard manure (FYM). At maturity, seeds were harvested population wise and kept separately. M₃. Seeds of 24 M₃ populations were sown at BINA Head Quarter’s farm, Mymensingh and the seedlings were transplanted on 7 December 2009 after 55 days at BINA Sub station farm, Ishurdi following non replicated plant-progeny-rows at a distance of 20 cm within the rows of 30 cm apart. Fertilizers and FYM were applied as applied in M₂generation. At maturity, seeds were harvested population wise and kept separately. M₄. For M₄ seed production, seeds of 13 M₃ mutants were sown on 7 Ocotober 2010 at BINA, HQ farm Mymensingh and the seedlings were transplanted on 24 November at the same location with unit plot sizes ranged 2 to 12 rows of 1.5 m length. At maturity, seeds were harvested mutant wise and kept separately. Seeds of five mutants were sown on 5 July 2012 at BINA Head Quarter’s farm, Mymensingh. Seedlings were transplanted on 25 August 2012 at Ishurdi and 26 August at Magura sub-station farms, BINA. A unit plot size was 1.8 m× 0.6 m for both locations. Plants were spaced at 15 cm within rows of 20 cm apart. Fertilizers were applied as applied in preliminary yield trial for bulb yield potential in Kharif-I season. Data on number of leaves at vegetative stage and bulb diameter were recorded from randomly selected ten competitive plants. Fresh and dry bulb weight was recorded at harvest. Dry bulb weight was recorded after 1.5-2.0 months of harvest.
Advanced yield trial for M₆ seed yield potential in winter season (Production of M6 seeds) Seeds of five mutants along with their parent were sown on 26 October at Ishurdi substation farm, BINA following non- replicated design and transplanted on 22 December 2012. A unit plot size was 2.0 m × 1.8 m. Fertilizers and FYM were applied as in above experiments for seed production. Data on seed yield/plot were recorded and total number of plant, number of plant with seed, umbel/plant, fruits/umbel, umbel diameter, seeds/fruit, seeds/umbel seed yield/plot were recorded during and after harvest. Seed yield/plot was later converted to seed yield/ha. Finally, all the recorded data in all experiments were subjected to proper statistical analysis following Gomez and Gomez (1984).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Pl. Breed. Genet., 30(1): 39-47, 2017

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In M₁ generation 13 plants from 75 Gy, 10 plants from 100 Gy and 8 plants from 125 Gy irradiated seeds produced fertile seeds. Among these 31 M₁ plants had considerably higher percentage of flowering plants than the parent BARI Piaz-2 in M₂ generation. In M₃ and M₄ generations, similar results were observed. It is generally and widely accepted that onion produces bulb in the first year and these bulb when planted in the second year produces seed. Moreover, for seed production, onion plants need verbalization at low temperature (8-10 ºC) for one month or more. But in this study, the mutated M₁ plants, M₂ and other populations of the onward generations produced seed from seed directly in the same season. On the other hand the parent variety BARI Piaz-2 could not produce any seed or negligible amount of seeds. The effective mutations for higher bulb and seed yields along with longer shelf life could be induced in summer onion by gamma irradiation dose range of 75Gy-125 Gy. The most spectacular result of this study is almost all the induced mutant lines, in M₁ to M₆ generations, produced seed from seed in the same season while the parent variety produced very negligible or no seed. In Kharif-I season, the mutant lines BP2/75/5 and BP2/100/2 had significantly higher fresh and dry bulb yield than the parent BARI Piaz-2 and that of BP2/75/2 had not differed significantly. Additionally, all the mutants had longer shelf life than the parent and the check variety when stored for 2.0 months under ambient condition. The mutant BP2/100/2 had the longest shelf life followed by BP2/125/1 and BP2/100/12 and BP2/75/13. In Kharif-II season, the mutants BP2/75/2, BP2/75/5 and BP2/100/2 produced significantly higher bulb yields at Ishurdi and Magura than the check variety BARI Piaz-3. Unlike Kharif-I season, the shelf life of the bulbs of mutants and the check variety was much lower and did not differ significantly in KharifII season although yield was almost double. Seed production of the mutants ranged from 798-1193 kg/ha with the highest being in BP2/75/3 followed by BP2/75/2 while the parent BARI Piaz-2 produced the lowest seed yield of all. Considering bulb yield, Kharif-II season appeared advantageous but with some penalty in shelf life. On the other hand considering shelf life, Kharif-I season appeared preferable but with some bulb yield penalty. Therefore, there should be a compromise either for bulb yield or for shelf life of bulb based on profitability analysis for choosing the season in summer.

Knowledge Management: Journal