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Effect of Nitrogen on Growth, Productivity and Seed Quality of Long Grain Rice

Md Rezaul Karim
Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

Nazmul Islam Mazumder
Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh; Gazipur, Bangladesh

Tania Sultana
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

Farid Ahmed
Horticulture Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Shamiul Haque
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Dinesh Chanda Roy
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh Md Tanjilur Rahman Mondal

Md. Tanjilur Rahman Mondal
Horticulture Division, BINA, Sub-station Rangpur, Bangladesh

Deboprio Roy Sushmoy
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Mahmud Al Noor
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during Aman season to optimize nitrogen requirement of long grain rice (var. BUdhan 1) in respect to high yield and seed quality. Seven levels of nitrogen fertilizer viz. 0, 20, 40, 60, 80,100 and 120 kg N ha^-1 constituted the treatment variables. Application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly influenced morphological event of the variety where days required for expressing phenological events increased with the increase of nitrogen levels. Growth parameters like plant height (114.37 cm), tillers per hill (15.1) and dry matter accumulation were pronounced at higher level of nitrogen. However, plants with moderate level (60 kg ha^-1) of applied nitrogen showed better yield component of the variety where the highest number of panicle per hill (11.8), grains per panicle (140.5) filled grains per panicle (130.33) and bolder seed size were recorded with 60 kg N ha^-1. Better yield components of the variety obtained at 60 kg N ha^-1 attributed to highest yield (4.43). Considering seed quality, seeds obtained from 60 kg N ha^-1showed significantly higher viability, germination and vigor indices. Therefore, it is desirable to collect seeds of BUdhan 1 with moderate level of nitrogen to ensure higher yield with better seed quality of BUdhan 1.

Keywords: Seed quality, Viability, Germination, Vigor

Location: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University

Start Date: 00-00-2009

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Non-commodity: Performance

Objectives:

To determine optimum nitrogen requirement for newly developed long grain rice variety (var. BUdhan 1) and to assess the effect of different nitrogen doses on seed quality of long grain Aman rice.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted during Aman season of 2009 in lowland environment of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University. The location of the experimental site was 24.090 N latitude and 90.260 E longitudes with an elevation of 8.2 m from sea level. The soil of the experimental site was silty clay of shallow Red Brown Terrace soil under Salna series. The soil is low in nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter contents. The experimental site is characterized by heavy rainfall during May through September and scanty rainfall during the rest of the year. Seven levels of nitrogen fertilizer viz. 0, 20, 40, 60, 80,100 and 120 kg N ha^-1 formed the treatment variables. A randomized completely block design with three replications was adopted to set up the experiment. The size of each plot was 5 m x 4 m. Thirty days old seedlings were transplanted on 20 August 2009. Two seedlings were transplanted per hill with a planting configuration of 25 x 15 cm. At the time of first ploughing, cow dung at 10 t ha^-1 was applied. Besides a blanket dose of fertilizers 40- 20-20-8 P K S Zn kg ha^-1 was applied and thoroughly incorporated into the soil at the time of final land preparation. Nitrogen was applied as per treatment in the form of urea in three installments as top dressing. First top dressing was done at 7 days after transplanting (DAT), second at 25 DAT (corresponding to maximum tillering stage) and third at 45 DAT (corresponding to panicle initiation stage). Gap filling was done with the even aged seedlings within one week of transplanting. Three hand weeding were done to check weed infestation the crop field. One to two centimeter of standing water was maintained in the field till the hard dough stage of the crop. Plants were sampled five times from 30 DAT till harvesting at 15 days interval. At each sampling, five hills per plot were pulled out of the soil from the second row. After sampling, the plants were washed thoroughly and the roots were cut at the base. Plant height, number of tiller per hill and dry matter accumulation in the plant was determined. Plant height was measured from the base of the plant upto the tip of the tallest leaf or panicle after anthesis of each mother shoot and the means were calculated. The number of tillers in five hills was counted and the means of the each hill were recorded. For dry matter accumulation whole plant parts were collected from five hills from each sample and kept into separate bag and oven dried at 80° C for 72 hours and weighed. Grain yield of rice was determined harvesting a sample area of 5 m^-2 from the middle of each plot by avoiding border effect. After harvesting, threshing, cleaning and drying, grains were adjusted to 14% moisture content. To determine moisture content of grains, 5 g sample was used. The sample grains were put in an infrared moisture meter (Model, F-1 A, Kelt electric laboratory, Tokyo, Japan) and the moisture percentage was recorded. Grain yield was adjusted to 14% moisture content by using the following formula. Grain yield at 14% MC = 100-Sample/100-14 x Weight of grains at sample MC; Where, MC = Moisture content. The crop was harvested upon maturity. When base of a panicle attain straw color, then the crop was considered as ready for harvest. Five continuous hills were selected from the harvest area randomly to determine yield components of the variety like number of tillers per hill, number of panicles per hill, number of grains per panicle, number of filled and unfilled grain per panicle and 1000 grain weight were recorded. Data on yield components were recorded from the sample plants. The seeds collected from each treatment level were preserved in plastic airtight container for determination of seed quality parameters. One hundred seeds from each treatment were used for viability test by tetrazolium reaction (ISTA, 2006). For germination test, one hundred seeds were used and replicated four times. Seed were placed in Petri dish containing filter paper soaked with distilled water. Then the Petri dishes were placed in an incubator at 30ºC till the completion of germination. Seedlings were counted every day and a seed was considered to be germinated as seed coat ruptured and plumule and radical came out up to 2mm in length. Final germination count was made according ISTA, (2006). Germination percentage was calculated by using the following formula: Germination (%) = Number of seeds germinated/Number of seeds tested x 100. For dormancy evaluation, the difference between the germination test and tetrazolium test reflects the level of seed dormancy. Seedling shoot and root length was also measured at the end of the germination test. Ten seedlings from each Petridish were harvested and shoot and root length of individual seedlings was measured. The shoot and root were also dried at 70ºC for 72 hours for determination of seedling dry matter yield. Vigor index was computed by using the following formula as suggested by Baki and Anderson (1973) and expressed in number. Vigor index = Germination (%) Shoot length + Root length) in cm. All data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using MSTAT package and the means were compared by DMRT

Source of Information: Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 279-287, August 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v6i2.43051

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results of present study revealed that 60 kg N ha^-1 of BUdhan 1 is ideal in producing higher grain yield for better quality seed. Relatively, other higher or lower nitrogen levels reduced yield and seed quality of this variety. Therefore, it is desirable to collect seeds from moderate nitrogen level to ensure the higher seed yield and better seed quality of BUdhan 1.

Knowledge Management: Journal