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Influence of Physico-chemical Factors on the Zooplankton Population of Bostami Pond of Chittagong

Sajeda Akter
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

Abdul Maleque Bhouyain
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

Subarna Azad
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

Dilshad Nasrin
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted on the influence of physico-chemical factors on the zooplankton of Bostami pond in Chittagong city for a period of one year from February 2013 to January 2014. During this study the water depth varied from 1.54 to 2.53 m, water temperature 24.5 to 32.6°C, conductivity 0.234 to 0.297 mS, turbidity 26.55 to 33.41 ntu, light intensity 27 to 39.5 lux, total dissolved solids 161 to 191 ppm, pH 7.02 to 7.79, dissolved oxygen 3.4 to 5.73 ppm, free carbon dioxide 2.82 to 5.85 ppm, and calcium 25.08 to 43.03 ppm. It was found that the temperature was less during February 2013 and gradually increased up to June 2013. Then with a break in July it gradually decreased until the next January 2014. More or less reverse data observed for the monthly variation of conductivity, total dissolved solids and calcium. Free carbon dioxide is inversely related with water depth and pH. In total 19 species of zooplankton were identified, where 16 rotifera were the dominant followed by two copepods and one cladoceran. Among these, Brachionus diversicornis, B. angularis, B. quadridentatus, B. falcatus, B. calyciflorus, B. forficula, B. caudatus, Platyias patulus, Keratella cochlearis, Lecane luna, Trichocerca cylindrica, Polyarthra vulgaris, Asplanchna priodonta, A. brightwelli, Filinia longiseta, F. terminalis, Mesocyclops leuckarti, Cyclops varicans rubellus and Moina brachiata were the most common species in the pond throughout the year. Abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton indicated that the nutrient quality of the pond water was good. The total phytoplankton varied from 842 to 2223 individuals/l and total zooplankton 187 to 494 individuals/l; with rotifera 105 to 266 individuals/l, copepoda 43 to 135 individuals/l and cladocera from 39 to 115 individuals/l throughout the year. Plankton abundance and physico-chemical characteristics of the Bostami pond indicate that the pond is eutrophic in nature.

Keywords: Plankton population, Zooplankton, Physico-chemical factors, Bostami pond.

Location: Bostami pond in Chittagong city

Start Date: 00-02-2013

End Date: 00-01-2014

Program Area: Chemical Analysis

Commodity: Plankton

Objectives:

The main objectives of the present study was as follows: (i) Identify the zooplanktonic organisms of the Bayezid Bostami pond. (ii) Measure the physico-chemical properties of the pond water. (iii) Observe the influence of physico-chemical parameters on the abundance of the phytoplankton and zooplankton population.

Methodology:

Two sampling points were selected for the collection of water and plankton sample at the two site of the pond. Samples were collected in each month for one year from February, 2013 to January, 2014. During the study period the samplings were done in between 7:30 and 11:30 a.m. Water depth was measured by dipping a weighted nylon cord. A centigrade thermometer was used to record water temperature (ELFO Co., Japan). The conductivity was measured by conductivity meter (Model: YK-22CT, Taiwan). The turbidity was measured by turbidity meter (Model: TU-2016, Taiwan). The light intensity was measured by lux meter (Model: LX-101, China). The total dissolved solids was measured by total dissolved solids meter (Model: TU-2016, Taiwan). Chemical parameters such as pH, DO, free CO2 and calcium have been studied during this investigation. The hydrogen ion concentration (pH) was measured by pH meter (Model: 208, Digital Instrument,Taiwan).The Azide modification method was used during this study for the determination of dissolved oxygen. The analysis of free carbon dioxide was conducted by Titrimetric method following APHA, 1975. EDTA titrimetric method was used to measure the free carbon dioxide concentration. Plankton samples were collected from each station by using plankton net. The net was thrown to the desired distance and allowed to reach the desired depth of the sampling station from a raft. Then the thrown rope with net was pulled quickly towards the raft for the collection of the plankton samples. The net was pulled five times from several places of each station. The collected samples were preserved by adding 10 ml of commercial formalin to 100 ml of sample. The volume of final concentrate was made into 110 ml. Sedgwick-Rafter Cell (Model: S50, Sedgu-Graticules Limited,UK) was used to count the total number of plankton. Each sample was counted for five times and each time 10 cells were observed out of 1000 cells. Thus from the total number of planktons obtained in 1 ml, the total number of plankton in 110 ml was calculated. The formula: πr² L (where ‘r’ is the radius of the mouth of the plankton net, and ‘L’ is the length of the rope) was used to calculate the volume of water passed in each tow and which was multiplied by 5 tow for obtaining total volume of water containing the number of planktons in 5 tows. Thus plankton numbers present in one liter of water was calculated. The population of zooplankton (Rotifera, copepoda, cladocera) and phytoplankton were counted under the compound binocular microscope (Model: XSZ-107B, China).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Zool. 44(1): 73-87, 2016 ISSN: 0304-9027 (print) 2408-8455 (online

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the statistical analyses it has been observed that water depth showed positive correlation with conductivity (r = 0.460671), total dissolved solids (r = 0.209221), phytoplankton (r = 0.705899), zooplankton (r = 0.706033), rotifera (r = 0.693527), copepoda (r = 0.672022) and cladocera (r = 0.685201) while inversely related with water temperature (r = –0.27148), turbidity (r = –0.67769), light intensity (r = –0.45883), pH (r = –0.58268), DO (r = –0.12364), CO2 (r = – 0.29967) and Ca (r = –0.36948). Water temperature showed positive correlation with turbidity (r = 0.214818), light intensity (r = 0.222867), pH (r = 0.432564), copepoda (r = 0.095395) and cladocera (r = 0.005732) while inversely related with conductivity (r = –0.52376), total dissolved solids (r = –0.66934), DO (r = –0.74676), CO2 (r = –0.60122), Ca (r = –0.60846), phytoplankton (r = –0.01773), zooplankton (r = –0.01714) and rotifera (r = –0.08567). Conductivity showed positive correlation with total dissolved solids (r = 0.877554), DO (r = 0.495264), CO2 (r = 0.240759), Ca (r = 0.166984), phytoplankton (r = 0.621081), zooplankton (r = 0.620661), rotifera (r = 0.70139), copepoda (r = 0.525426) and cladocera (r = 0.469583) while inversely related with turbidity (r = –0.63596), light intensity (r = –0.55084) and pH (r = – 0.70245). Turbidity showed positive correlation with light intensity (r = 0.620516), pH (r = 0.20055), DO (r = 0.095448), CO2 (r = 0.424087) and Ca (r = 0.398395) while inversely related with total dissolved solids (r = –0.24527), phytoplankton (r = –0.81717), zooplankton (r = –0.81699), rotifera (r = –0.80631), copepoda (r = –0.75586) and cladocera (r = –0.81091). Light intensity showed positive correlation with pH (r = 0.286063), DO (r = 0.111119), CO2 (r = 0.363533) and Ca (r = 0.2767) while inversely related with total dissolved solids (r = –0.31618), phytoplankton (r = –0.67905), zooplankton (r = –0.67882), rotifera (r = -0.62242), copepoda (r = –0.6545) and cladocera (r = –0.75166). Total Dissolved Solids showed positive correlation with DO (r = 0.728013), CO2 (r = 0.637039), Ca (r = 0.559291), phytoplankton (r = 0.20775), zooplankton (r = 0.207231), rotifera (r = 0.313859), copepoda (r = 0.114532) and cladocera (r = 0.046576) while inversely related with pH (r = –0.74093). pH showed negative correlation with DO (r = –0.43779), CO2 (r = –0.3914), Ca (r = –0.22047), phytoplankton (r = –0.37107), zooplankton (r = –0.37083), rotifera (r = –0.46506), copepoda (r = –0.30898), and cladocera (r = –0.17969). DO showed positive correlation with CO2 (r = 0.878696) and Ca (r = 0.855547) while inversely related with phytoplankton (r = –0.19119), zooplankton (r = –0.19176), rotifera (r = –0.0467), copepoda (r = –0.31303) and cladocera (r = –0.35465). CO2 showed positive correlation with Ca (r = 0.94561) while inversely related with phytoplankton (r = –0.54098), zooplankton (r = –0.54149), rotifera (r = – 0.40802), copepoda (r = –0.62372) and cladocera (r = –0.68006). Ca showed negative correlation with phytoplankton (r = –0.59312), zooplankton (r = –0.59355), rotifera (r = –0.47622), copepoda (r = –0.66831) and cladocera (r = –0.69705). Phytoplankton showed positive correlation with zooplankton (r = 0.999999), rotifera (r = 0.983265), copepoda (r = 0.979812) and cladocera (r = 0.933722). Zooplankton showed positive correlation with rotifera (r = 0.983187), copepoda (r = 0.979925) and cladocera (r = 0.933767). Rotifera showed positive correlation with copepoda (r = 0.9438) and cladocera (r = 0.864744). Copepoda showed positive correlation with cladocera (r = 0.91172). The importance and influence of the physico-chemical factors on the phytoplankton and zooplankton are understood to assess the seasonal fluctuation of phytoplankton and zooplankton; all these factors; should be considered separately or collectively. No single factor is responsible for production or fluctuation. Hence for studying the growth, distribution and fluctuation of phytoplankton and zooplankton population all the physical, chemical and biological factors should be taken into consideration.

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