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Physiological and Yield Responses of Some Selected Rapeseed/ Mustard Genotypes to High Temperature Stress

Faruque Ahmed
Plant Physiology Division, BARI, Gazipur-1701

I.M. Ahmed
Plant Physiology Division, BARI, Gazipur-1701

N. Mokarroma
Plant Physiology Division, BARI, Gazipur-1701

F. Begum
Oilseed Research center, BARI, Gazipur-1701

A. Jahan
Department of Soil Science, SAU, Dhaka-1207

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot experiment was conducted with five selected rapeseed/mustard genotypes (BJDH-11, BJDH-12, BJDH-20, BARI Sarisha-14, and BARI Sarisha-16) under two sowing dates (November 20 and December 20) for evaluating their responses to sowing date induced high temperature stress during rabi season of 2017-18. Sowing dates induced temperature variability showed remarkable changes in pheonlogy, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, dry matter production and seed yield. Although December 20 sown crop received lower temperatures (minimum 9.8 to 13.2 and maximum 22.6 to 27^oC) than November 20 sown crop (minimum 14.8 to 16.4 and maximum 21 to 27.2^oC) at flowering but reverse was found at grain development stage. Grain development stage of November 20 sown crop received lower temperatures (minimum 8.2 to 13.2 and maximum 24.1 to 27 ^oC) while December 20 sown crop received higher temperatures at grain development stage (minimum 8.2 to 18 and maximum 22.6 to 32.5^oC).As a result December 20 sown crop matured earlier (6 to 9 days) than November 20 sown crop. Leaf area/plant was higher in December 20 sown crops compared to November 20 sown but total dry matter production was more or less same in both the sowing dates. Leaf chlorophyll content did not show any remarkable variation due to variation in sowing dates. However, antioxidant activity like Catalyse (CAT), Peroxidase (POD) Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and Malondial dehyde (MDA) were found higher in December 20 sown crops than that of November 20 sown. Higher activity of APX, POD and CAT with lower activity of MDA indicates comparatively high temperature tolerant genotype. Among the genotypes APX, POD and CAT activity were found higher with lower activity of MDA in BJDH-11 and BJDH-20 and these genotypes also gave higher yield than others. On the basis of growth parameters, antioxidant activity and seed yield of genotype BJDH-11 and BJDH-20 could be select as terminal high temperature tolerance genotypes.

Keywords: High temperature, Stress, Physiology, Rapeseed, Mustard, Genotype, Yield

Location: Plant physiology Division, BARI Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2017

End Date: 00-00-2018

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Mustard

Objectives:

To develop terminal heat tolerant genotype on the basis of desirable physiological traits.

Methodology:

A pot experiment was conducted at the research field of Plant physiology Division, BARI Gazipur during rabi season of 2017-18. Five selected genotypes namely: BJDH-11, BJDH-12, BJDH-20, BARI Sarisha-14 (BARI_14), and BARI Sarisha-16(BARI-16) were used as test crop under two sowing dates November 20 and December 20. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with 10 replications. Plastic pot (top dia: 25 cm, bottom dia: 18 cm and height 25 cm; 12 kg soil) was filled up with soil and cowdung (4:1). Ten seeds were sown in each pot according to treatments. Fertilizers were applied 100-30-80-20-3-1 kg/ha NPKSZnB. Half of N and all other fertilizers were applied as basal and remaining N was applied at 20 DAS. Irrigation was done as and when required for maintaining adequate soil moisture. After emergence plants were thinned to three plants in each pot. Plants from three pots were sampled for leaf area and dry matter measurement at different growth stages. Sampled plants were separated into leaf, stem and siliqua. Leaf area was measured by an automatic area meter (LI-3100 C; LI-Cor, USA). Plant parts were dried in an oven for 72 hours at 70^oC and dry weight was recorded. At harvest yield and yield components data were collected from three pots and analyzed statistically and mean separation was done by LSD test at 5% level of significance. Leaves (3^rd leaf from top)of each genotype were collected on 55 DAS for Chlorophyll measurement. Leaves were properly cut into small pieces and weighed 0.5 g and were taken for chlorophyll estimation. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were estimated following Arnon’s method (Arnon, 1949). The absorbance of the solution was read at 645 and 663 nm for Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll. Calculation: Chlorophyll a (mg g^-1) = {12.7 (D663) - 2.69 (D645)} × V/( 1000 × w); Chlorophyll b (mg g^-1) = {22.9 (D645) - 4.68 (D663)} × V/(1000 × w); Total chlorophyll (mg g^-1) = 20.2 (D645) + 8.02 (D663) × V/( 1000 × w); Where D = optical density; V = final volume of 80% acetone (ml); w = dry weight of sample taken (g). Bio-Chemical analysis- Leaf samples (3^rd leaf from top) were collected on 55 DAS for antioxidant enzyme like Catalyse (CAT), Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and Peroxidase (POD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) determination. Using a pre-cooled mortar and pestle, 0.5 g of leaf tissue was homogenized in 1 ml of 50 m M ice-cold K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 100 m MKCl, 1m Mascorbate, 5 m Mβ-mercaptoethanol, and 10% (w/v) glycerol. The homogenates were centrifuged at 11,500×g for 10 min, and the supernatants were used for determination of enzyme activity. All procedures were performed at ^oC to 4°^oC. The protein concentration of each sample was determined following the method of Bradford (1976) using BSA as a protein standard where 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 μgμl^-1 protein concentrations were used to prepare standard curve. POD activity was estimated according to Hemeda and Klein (1990). The reaction mixture contained 25 m M K-P buffer (pH 7.0), 0.05% guaiacol, 10 mM H₂O₂ and enzyme. Activity was determined by the increase in absorbance at 470 nm due to guaiacol oxidation for 1 min using extinction coefficient of 26.6 mM^-1 cm^-1. CAT activity was measured according to the method of Hossain et al. (2010) by monitoring the decrease of absorbance at 240 nm for 1 min caused by the decomposition of H₂O₂. The reaction mixture contained 50 m M K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 15 m M H₂O₂, and enzyme solution in a final volume of 0.7 ml. The reaction was initiated with enzyme extract, and the activity was calculated using the extinction coefficient of 39.4 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹. Activity was assayed following the method of Nakano and Asada (1981). The reaction buffer solution contained 50 m M K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 0.5 m MAsc, 0.1 m M H₂O₂, 0.1 m MEDTA, and enzyme extract in a final volume of 0.7 ml. The reaction was started by the addition of H₂O₂, and the activity was measured by observing the decrease in absorbance at 290 nm for 1 min using an extinction coefficient of 2.8 mM⁻ ¹ cm⁻ ¹. The level of lipid peroxidation in plant tissues was expressed as 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactive metabolites, mainly malondialdehyde (MDA), and was determined according to Hodges et al. (1999). Fresh samples (leaves) of around 0.5 g were homogenizedin 4.0 ml of 1% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) solution and centrifuged at 10,000×g for 10 min. The supernatant was added to 1 ml 0.5% (w/v)TBA made in 20% TCA. The mixture was heated in boiling water for 30 min, and the reaction was stopped by placing the tubes in a nice bath. The samples were centrifuged at 10,000×g for 10 min, and the absorbance of the supernatant was recorded at 532 nm. Correction of non-specific turbidity was made by subtracting the absorbance value read at 600 nm. The level of lipid per-oxidation was expressed as nmol g⁻ ¹ fresh weight, with a molar extinction coefficient of 0.155 mMcm⁻ ¹.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(1): 47-56

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/baj.v22i1.44936

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

On the basis of physiological parameters, antioxidant activity and seed yield, the mustard genotype, BJDH-11 and BJDH-20 could be selected as terminal high temperature (3 to 4 ^oC higher than average temperature) tolerant genotypes.

Knowledge Management: Journal