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A Study on Organic Matter and Nitrogen Dynamics in Wetland Paddy Soils of Bangladesh

Md. Ashraful Alam
Faculty of Graduate Studies, Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Md. Mizanur Rahman
Faculty of Graduate Studies, Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Mohammed Ziauddin Kamal
Faculty of Graduate Studies, Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Humayun Kabir Shiragi
Faculty of Graduate Studies, Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Most. Shirazum Monira
Faculty of Graduate Studies, Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Momtahina Hasnat
Faculty of Graduate Studies, Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of different sources organic matter along with various level nitrogen fertilizations on nutrient dynamics and physicochemical variation of soil at different incubation periods in the research field of department of soil science, BSMRAU. RS, VC, RHB, CD and PM were used @ 2 t C ha^-1 along with N rates 0, 100 and 150 kg ha^-1 in a factorial randomized complete block design. Combined application of VC and RHB with N100 dose significantly reduces soil bulk density. PM-treated plot resulted the highest amount of TN at 90 DAT, while RHB treated plot at 45 DAT. N fertilized plot showed maxi- mum TN content at 75 DAT with N₁₅₀ treatment. Significant interaction effects of OM and N on TN content of soil were exhibited at the incubation period 15, 30 and 45 DAT. Different organic amendment showed a dissimilar nutrient release pattern. Significantly higher phosphorus content was detected in VC treated soil while the S content was in the CD-treated soil. The RHB treated plots provide a significantly higher exchangeable K content in post-harvest soil. The available P, S and exchangeable K contents in post-harvest soil increased positively in all treatments as compared to initial soils. Organic manures and N fertilization had no significant effect on different chemical properties like soil pH, TN, available S and exchangeable K. Significant P enrichment was occurred in organic and N treated soil. Thus, organic and inorganic fertilization had a significant positive influence on the enrichment of physiochemical properties of wetland paddy soil.

Keywords: Mineralization, Nutrient dynamics, Organic amendment, Rice, Wetland

Location: Field Laboratory of the Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer and manures, Rice

Objectives:

The present study was lead to investigate effects of different sources organic matter and nitrogen levels singly and in combination on the nutrient dynamics and physicochemical health of wetland paddy soil system.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in an agricultural field located in the Field Laboratory of the Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh. The experimental site is situated at 24°09'22'' N latitude and 90°25'45'' E longitudes and 8.2 m above the sea level. The soil has been classified as Shallow Red Brown Terrace soil in Bangladesh classification and Inceptisols in USDA classification (Brammer, 1996), having silt clay loam soil within 50 cm from the surface and acidic in nature. The pH of the initial soil was 6.2 having organic carbon 0.78 %, total nitrogen 0.09 %, available phosphorus 7.0 mg kg^-1, available sulphur 15.87 mg kg^-1 and exchangeable potassium 0.10 cmol (+) kg^-1. The climate of the area is sub-tropical, wet and humid. The experimental design of the study was in a factorial randomized complete block design with two replications. The factorial experiment included five different organic materials treatments (application of rice straw (RS), poultry manure (PM), vermincompost (VC) and cow-dung (CD) and rice husk biochar (RHB) @ 2 t C ha^-1) and three nitrogen treatments (0, 100 and 150 kg N ha^-1). Each plot had an area of 12 m² (4m × 3m) and was separated by 30 cm wide well-structured and polyethylene lined boundary. All of the organic matter except RHB were collected from locally available sources and incorporated with soil during final land preparation. RHB was prepared through the pyrolysis process in an oxygen deficient condition at 350⁰C temperature. The study was conducted in T. Aman season 2016. The moisture, C and N contents, C: N ratios of the studied organic constituents were presented. One week after proper paddling the field, thirty days old rice seedlings of BINA Dhan 7 were transplanted maintaining a spacing of 20 cm × 20 cm. Soil test based fertilizer doses of P, K and S were applied as triple super phosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MoP) and gypsum at the rate of 55, 68 and 56 kg ha^-1, respectively (FRG, 2012). The whole amount of TSP, MoP and gypsum was applied during final land preparation. Urea was applied in three equal splits at 15 days after transplanting (DAT), at maximum vegetative stage and panicle initiation stage. Soil samples from each plot were collected from 0-15 cm depth at different incubation period at 15 days interval (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105 days) from a T-Aman rice field. Bulk density of the soil also determined at the initial and at crop harvest. Chemical properties of soil and different organic materials were analyzed using standard methods such as soil pH by glass electrode using a soil and water ratio of 1: 2.5 (Jackson, 1958), the total N content by Micro Kjeldahl method (Black, 1965), available P by Olsen’s method (Olsen and Sommers, 1982), sulphur was estimated by turbidimetric method (Chesnin and Yien, 1950) and K by ammonium acetate extraction method (Barker and Surh, 1982). Data were statistically analyzed using Statistix version 10.0 statistical software. ANOVA and univariate analyses were performed to test all parameters. Treatment means were separated by least significant difference (LSD). Different graphs were prepared using Microsoft Excel (Office 2007).

Source of Information: Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 4(1): 1-7 (2019)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2019.040101

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Addition OM and N Fertilizer have a positive effect on physico- chemical properties of wetland paddy soil. Significant reduction of soil bulk density was observed in the organic matter treated plots as compared to N-fertilization. Different sources organic matter showed a variable detected nutrient release pattern. Like, poultry manure treated plot exhibits the highest amount of TN at 90 DAT, while RHB treated plot was shown at 45 DAT. N fertilizer applied plot had shown a maximum amount of TN at 75 DAT with N₁₅₀dose. OM and N exhibited maximum influence on the TN content of soil at 15, 30 and 45 DAT. Organic and inorganic amendments positively increased P, S and exchangeable K content in post-harvest soil. Soil pH did not vary significantly, but increased positively. This study result suggests that the combined addition of organic materials and N fertilizer could provide a significant improvement of soil health in the wetland paddy system of tropical agriculture.

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