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Screening of Wheat (triticum Aestivum L.) Lines Against Salinity Under Field Condition

S. Banik
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali

S. Biswas
Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur–1706

F.H. Bipasha
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

F. Haque
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur–1706

M. Morshed
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur–1706

M.S. Rahman
Scientific Officer, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Moulovibazar

S.K. Singh
Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was undertaken in order to screening wheat genotypes against salinity under field condition with 14 wheat genotypes including 6 check varieties. The genotypes were tested in saline soil where the salinity of the experimental field ranges from 1.5 to 10.3 dS/m during the cropping period. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation among the genotypes for all characters. Phenotypic and Genotypic co-efficient of variation was low for almost all the characters. Phenotypic co-efficient of variation ranged from 8.42 to 23.45 for plant height and yield respectively, while the highest genotypic coefficient of variation (18.90) was observed in yield and lowest (6.83) was found in seed per spike. All of the trait exhibited moderate to high heritability in broad sense (h²b) coupled with a wide range of genetic advance and genetic advance in percentage of mean. Heritability ranged from 37.64`to 91.14 for seed per spike and thousand seed weight respectively. Yield had significant positive correlation with spike length, spikelet per spike, seed per spike, thousand seed weight. On the other hand, yield was found to show a positive relationship with tiller per plant. Tiller per Plant, spikelet per spike, 1000 seed weight were responsible for reduction of yield per plant indirectly. Yield ranged from 1.14 ton/ha to 2.1 ton/ha. The present research work clearly demonstrated that based on field performance considering yield, the genotypes BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 is best and other some genotypes BAW 1182, BAW 1177 respectively showed their most effective performance on saline soil.

Keywords: Phenotypic co-efficient of variation, Genotypic co-efficient of variation, Salinity, Wheat

Location: Kuakata, Kalapara, Patuakhali under on-farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Patuakhali.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil salinity, Wheat

Objectives:

1. To identify saline tolerant genotypes of wheat and increase wheat areas and production by developing salt resistant varieties under field condition and

2. To estimate the genetic variability and character association among of genotypes of wheat (T. aestivum).

Methodology:

The research was conducted at farmer’s field at Kuakata, Kalapara, Patuakhali under on-farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Patuakhali. The area is under Agro ecological Zone (AEZ) –13 named Gangetic Tidal Floodplains. The area lies at 0.9 to 2.1 meter above mean sea level (Iftekhar and Islam, 2004). This zone occupies considerable areas of coastal saline lands of Patuakhali district. Soil characteristics of the coastal zone are silty loams or alluvium. The soil of the experimental plot was loamy in texture and it was medium high land and belonging to the tidal flood plain. The organic matter content was low (0.93%) in most cases. Generally, Patuakhali region falls under the sub–tropical climate which is characterized by high temperature and humidity, heavy rainfall with occasional gusty winds in the month of April to September and less rainfall associated with moderately low temperature during October to March. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The whole field was divided into four blocks and each block consisted of fourteen plots. The replications were separated from one another by 1m. The distance between plots was 50 cm. The treatment was randomly assigned to each of the block. Plot size for genotype was 2.5m × 0.8m. and four rows consist a plot. A total of 14 wheat genotypes were used in this experiment. Among the materials, 6 check variety and rest are lines, all genotypes collected from Wheat Research Center (WRC), BARI, Gazipur. Data were collected on different parameters such as plant height (cm), number of tiller per plant, spike length(cm), spikelet per spike, seed per spike, thousand seed weight(g), yield of T. estivum per plot etc. All the grains from the main stem and tiller were gathered together and its weight was taken as yield per plant the 1000 grain weight (g) of T. aestivum were taken and converted it into ton/hectare using the following formula: Grain yield (t/ha) = Field weight × 0.8 × (10000)/Area × (100-MC)/85; Adjusted yield = CF × Plot yield; CF = M-0.3 x N/Harvested plants. Where, M = Total number of plant in the plot and N = Missing plant. The collected data on various parameters were statistically analyzed to find out the statistical significance of the experimental results. Analysis of variance was done for all the characters under study using the mean values (Singh and Chaudhury, 1985). The significance of the difference between treatment means was evaluated by the Least Significance Difference (LSD) test for the interpretation of the results (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 4(1): 88-95 (2019)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2019.0401014

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Genetics analysis of the selected genotypes of T. aestivum to identify tolerant genotypes that may sustain a reasonable yield on salt affected soil. Significant variation for yield and yield contributing characters indicate the presence of genetic variations among the genotypes for these characters except plant height. Among all lines of wheat BAW 1182, BAW 1177 showed higher value in all character. Genotypic and phenotypic co-efficient of variation was low for almost all of the characters studied in the present study. The phenotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV) were higher than their corresponding genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters studied indicating that they all interacted with the environment to some intent. Phenotypic co-efficient of variation ranged from 8.42 to 23.45 for plant height and yield respectively. All of the characters exhibit- ed moderate to high heritability in broad sense (h² ) coupled with a wide range of genetic advance and genetic advance in percentage of mean. Heritability ranged from 37.64 to 91.14 for seed per spike and thousand seed weight, respectively. In case of character association, yield had a significant positive correlation with spike length, spikelet per spike, seed per spike, thousand seed weight. On the other hand, yield was found to display a positive relationship with tiller per plant. Yield ranged from 1.14 ton/ha to 2.1 ton/ha. The present research work clearly demonstrated that based on field performance considering yield the genotypes BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 is best and other some genotypes BAW 1182, BAW 1177, respectively showed their most effective performance on saline soil. Overall yield performances of all the genotypes were very low it is due to showering at germination and flowering stage. Salinity of the trail plots increased with time and it ranges 2.5 to 10.3 in the whole growing period. However, the present research work clearly demonstrated that based on field performance considering yield the genotypes BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 is best and other some lines BAW 1182, BAW 1177, respectively showed their most effective performance on saline soil.

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