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Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Combination with Insect Netting on the Production of Indian Spinach (basella Alba L.)

M. Mishu Akther
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

M. Ashraful Islam
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

M. Saidee Rahman
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

M. Habibur Rahman
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

Dilip Nandwani
Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Best horticulture management has been practiced to reduce the quantity of inorganic fertilizer applications with insect net for higher production of Indian spinach (Basella alba L.). The experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during February to May, 2016. Two factors experiment were conducted on insect nettings (Factor A): control (N₀), Netting (N₁) and different fertilizers (Factor B): control (F₀), Vermicompost 10 t/ha (F₁), Vermicompost 15 t/ha (F₂), 2/3^rdof F₂+ 1/3^rd of F₄ (F₃), Inorganic fertilizer (F₄). Combination of insect net and combined of organic and inorganic fertilizers (N₁F₃) gave the significantly higher growth and yield of Indian spinach (B. alba) compared to other treatment combination. The maximum vine length (77.71 cm), after 45 days after sowing was found in N₁F₃and it was 72% higher vine length of Indian spinach compared to control. The highest yield of Indian spinach was 38.67 t/ha in N₁F₃ which was_,80% higher yield compared to control (7.77 t/ha). The treatment combination of N₁F₃ provided maximum leaf numbers per plant and leaf length of Indian spinach. Organic and inorganic fertilizer application together where reduced amount of inorganic fertilizer technology for crop production can be practiced as a sustainable technology for better growth, yield and quality of a plant, also to improve the soil health and environment in long run.

Keywords: Indian spinach, Inorganic fertilizer, Insect net, Vermicompost, Yield

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-02-2016

End Date: 00-05-2016

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer and manures, Spinach

Objectives:

This study was conducted to evaluate the production of Indian spinach in mixed fertilizers (organic and inorganic) with insect netting as row covers.

Methodology:

An experiment on Indian spinach was conducted at the Horticulture Farm (24⁰ 26' and 24⁰ 54' N latitude and 90⁰ 15' and 90⁰ 30' E longitude) of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during February to May, 2016 to evaluate the effects of insect netting (blue color mosquito net) and different fertilizers on the growth and yield. Five levels of fertilizer applications viz., F₀ (control); F₁ (Vermicompost 10 t/ha); F₂ (Vermicompost 15 t/ ha); F₃ combined fertilizer (2/3^rdof F₂+ 1/3^rd of F₄ treatment), F₄ (Inorganic fertilizer) and two levels of netting viz., N₀ (Control), N₁ (Netting). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Inorganic fertilizer (F₄) was given per hectare (100 kg N +22 kg P + 70 kg K + 18 kg Zn) according to fertilizer recommendation guide (FRG, Indian spinach of green color variety seeds were bought from the Choto bazar of Mymensingh and it was used as the planting mate- rial at the rate 1.170 kg/ha. Seeds were soaked overnight in a wrapped cotton cloth. Seeds were sown in the field (10 March, 2016) at afternoon in a depth of 1.5 cm in dibbling method spaced at 40×25 cm². The size of unit plot was 0.8 mx1.25 m. Plot to plot distance was 30 cm and block to block distance was 50 cm. Seedlings (or transplants) were covered with mosquito net at 4 ft height from the ground level for the convenient of intercultural operation as well as harvesting of Indian spinach. Organic fertilizers (vermicompost), triple superphosphate (TSP) and ZnSO₄ were applied before planting. Vermicompost was obtained from Horticulture farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU). Vermicompost contained 1% nitrogen. Urea and MoP were applied at three applications at 1^st, 3^rd and 5^th weeks of seeding, respectively. Weeding and irrigation were done manually. Botanical pesticides, neem extract, ginger and garlic extracts were prepared on farm and sprayed on the plants (except control plots) biweekly to control insect pest and diseases. Data were collected from each plot (each plot considered as one replication), from which eight plants were selected randomly. Data on the growth parameters were recorded from those respected plants throughout the experimental period. Growth parameters like vine length (cm), leaf number, leaf length (cm), vine diameter (cm), fresh and dry weight of leaves and vines of Indian spinach (B. alba) were recorded. Also, yield per plot were converted to ton per hectare. Fresh leaves and vines (100 g of each samples) were kept in an oven for drying at 65 ⁰C for 3 days. Percentage dry matter of leaves and vines of Indian spinach were calculated using the following formula: % Dry matter= (Dry weight ÷ fresh weight) ×100; Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers and insect net on growth and yield of Indian spinach were analyzed by analysis of variance (General Linear Model procedure) and Tukey’s pair wise comparison test (P<0.05) using Minitab Version 17 (Minitab Inc., State College, PA, USA).

Source of Information: Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 4(3): 268-272 (2019)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2019.040302

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This experiment concludes that the application of combined fertilizer (2/3^rd of F₂ + 1/3^rd of F₄ treatment) with insect netting showed the highest yield (38.67 t/ha) of Indian spinach (B. alba) than the control treatment combination (7.77 t/ha). Mixed of organic and inorganic fertilizers with net and biopesticide application to the crop showed the potential to enhance yield in Indian spinach and less severity of Cercospora leaf spot of Indian spinach (B. alba). Reduced amount of inorganic fertilizer application practiced to the soil can be a sustainable technology for crop production considering the better growth and yield of crop. Also, this sustainable technology can help to improve the soil quality and environment in a long run.

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