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Evaluation of Novel Bio-friendly Two-step Process in the Removal of Heavy Metals from the Wastewater

Md Abdus Sobhan
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources, University Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Mir Sujaul Islam
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources, University Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Rosli Mohd Yunus
Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Md Abdul Karim
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Two-step treatment technique was developed for the treatment of water by Pseudomonas aeroginosa in a bioreactor in a first phase and then the bacterial treated water was treated with the vetiver grass, cattails and water hyacinth in second phase. Two-step process of bioremediation of 13 days was found to be satisfactory for As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in compared to the direct treatments with vetiver grass, cattails and water hyacinth in 20 days. As the plants cannot work or tolerate the higher concentrations of heavy metals, so with the first step on an average 52.48% reduction of heavy metals were done within 5 days. It was observed that 100% removal of Pb was found by two-step process of Pseudomas aeroginosa with cattails and water hyacinth, respectively in 13 days, while 98.16% removal of Pb was found by direct plant treatment of water hyacinth in 20 days. It was clear that the two-step treatment for vetiver grass, cattails and water hyacinth were found as the most effective treatments.

Keywords: Wastewater, Bioremediation, Heavy metals

Location: Plastic container from Gebeng industrial area, Pahang, Malaysia

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Heavy metal

Objectives:

To evaluate the efficiency of the two-step treatment process of removal of heavy metals from the wastewater.

Methodology:

Water samples were collected in plastic container from Gebeng industrial area, Pahang and preserved at low temperature. The selected heavy metals such as As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Ni and Zn were determined by AOAC (2006) method using Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICPMS) spectrometry, Agilent 7500 CX, USA). Pseudomonas aeroginosa was isolated and used for the treatment of the water in aerobic bioreactor for 5 days (first phase, Fig. 1). Bacteria were sub- cultured on LB agar medium and preserved at low temperature. The bioreactor was comprised of one feed tank, one digestion tank and one collection tank. Fifteen liters sample water with 150 ml bacterial culture (3.15 ´ 10⁶ cells/ml) and 1.5 liters LB broth were added in the bioreactor (Nanda et al. 2011). The substrates were stirred continuously by mechanical stirrer at 10 rpm for proper mixing. A control was also made. The treated water was collected by ultra-centrifuge at 30,000 rpm for 20 minutes and heavy metals were measured. In the experiment sample water was directly treated with vetiver grass (V1, V2, V3 and V4), cattails (C1, C2, C3, and C4) and water hyacinth (WH1, WH2, WH3 and WH4) and conducted for 20 days, while bacterial treated water was also treated with those plants (V1, C1, and WH1) and conducted for 8 days (second phase. Initially, all young plants were washed with tap and distilled water and then gently washed with fungicides (Comet M-45, class IV, conc. 2.5 g/l). Finally, all the saplings were kept into distilled water at 14 days for adaptation. Mixed fertilizer (NPK_, 21% of each, conc. 1.0 g/l) was added into each experimental pot with seven days interval. All experimental pots were kept under sunlight for 12 hrs/day and the losses of wastewater were filled up with distilled water (Bharti and Banerjee 2012). During the experiment temperature and pH were maintained at 24.56 to 25.61ºC and 7.45 to 7.94, respectively. SPSS version 20.0 was used to do the ANOVA test and the multiple comparisons (removal of metals by different treatments using Tukey (HSD)).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(4): 571-579, 2015 (December)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The result exhibited that 98.57, 100 and 100% Pb was removed with V1, C1 and WH1, respectively, while 75.01, 78.25 and 98.16% with V2, C3 and WH2, respectively. Syukor et al. (2013) reported similar findings with cattails. Zn removal was observed 95.68, 99.22 and 91.72% with V1, C1 and WH1, while 92.47, 97.81 and 89.98 % with V2, C3 and WH2, respectively. Among three plants vetiver grass and water hyacinth were observed less tolerant compared to cattails. It is reported that almost all the plants can be used for secondary treatment. The two-step process was found more effective in removing heavy metals from the industrial wastewater compare to direct treatments with plants.

Knowledge Management: Journal