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Influence of Weeding Regime on the Performance of Aromatic Boro Rice (oryza Sativa L.)

Swapan Kumar Paul
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Layla Sabequn Nahar
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Newton Chandra Paul
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Mahfuza Begum
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, from December 2013 to May 2014 to investigate the influence of weeding regime on the performance of aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50). The experiment comprised nine treatments viz., un-weeded, one hand weeding at 20 DAT + pre-emergence herbicide after hand weeding, two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAT, pre-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding at 20 DAT, pre-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT, post-emergence herbicide + one hand weeding at 40 DAT, pre-emergence herbicide + post-emergence herbicide, pre-emergence herbicide + post-emergence herbicide + one hand weeding at 40 DAT and weed free throughout the growth period. Panida (pendimethalin) @ 2.5 L ha^-1 as pre-emergence herbicide and granite (penoxsulam) @ 93.70 ml ha^-1 as post-emergence were used for weed control. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Thirteen weed species belonging to seven families were observed in the experimental field. The highest weed density and dry weight were observed in no weeding condition compared to other treatments. The tallest plant, the highest number of total tillers hill^-1, number of effective tillers hill^-1, total spikelets panicle^-1, grains panicle^-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index were obtained from weed free treatment. The highest grain yield (5.92 t ha^-1) was obtained from weed free throughout the growth period. Grain yield was reduced by 56.42% due to weed infestation in unweeded condition. The highest benefit-cost ratio (2.28) was obtained from application of pre-emergence herbicide followed by post-emergence herbicide + one hand weeding at 40 DAT. Therefore, weeding treatment pre-emergence herbicide followed by post-emergence herbicide + one hand weeding at 40 DAT may consider for cultivation of aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50).

Keywords: BRRI dhan50, Crop characters, Crop yield, Herbicides, Weeding regime, Rice

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-12-2013

End Date: 00-05-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Weed management, Rice

Objectives:

To determine the effective weed control option for maximizing yield of BRRI dhan50.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from December 2013 to May 2014. The experimental site is located at 24.75° N latitude and 90.50°E longitude at an elevation of 18 m above the sea level. The site belongs to the non-calcareous dark grey floodplain soil under the Agro-ecological Zone of the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain (AEZ-9) (UNDP and FAO, 1988). The soil of the experimental field belongs to the Sonatala soil series which is slightly acidic in reaction with 1.29 % organic matter content. The experimental field was a medium high having pH 6.5. The experiment consist- ed of nine treatments viz. Unweeded (T₁), One hand weeding at 20 days after transplanting (DAT) + pre-emergence herbicide after hand weeding (T₂), Two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAT (T₃), Pre-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding at 20 DAT (T₄), Pre-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT (T₅), Post-emergence herbicide + one hand weeding at 40 DAT (T₆), Pre-emergence herbicide + post- emergence herbicide (T₇), Pre-emergence herbicide + post- emergence herbicide + one hand weeding at 40 DAT (T₈ ) and Weed free throughout the growth period (T₉). The experiment was laid out in a one factor randomized complete block design with four replications. The size of a unit plot was 4.0 m × 2.5 m (10 m²). The spacing between the unit plots was 50 cm and that between the blocks was 1.0 m. Healthy seeds were selected by specific gravity method. Seeds were then immersed in water in bucket for 24 hours. Then seeds were taken out of water and kept thickly in gunny bags. The seeds started sprouting after 48 hours and were sown after 72 hours on 1 December, 2013 with proper care. The land was first opened with a tractor drawn disc plough on 29 December, 2013. The land was then puddled thoroughly by repeated ploughing and cross ploughing with a country plough and subsequently leveled by laddering. The field layout was made on 8 January, 2014 according to experimental specification immediately after final land preparation. Weeds and stubbles were cleared off from individual plots and finally plots were leveled properly by wooden plank so that no water pocket could remain in the field. The land was fertilized with urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum, zinc sulphate @ 250 kg, 120 kg, 120 kg, 100 kg, 10 kg ha^-1, respectively. The whole amount of triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum, zinc sulphate were applied at the time of final land preparation. Urea was applied in 3 equal split at 10, 30 and 45 DAT. Seedlings were transplanted on 9 January, 2014 using two seedlings hill^-1 with 25 cm × 15 cm spacing between the rows and hills, respectively. The gaps were filled up with the seedlings from the same source. Weeding was done as per experimental specification. Flood irrigation was given to maintain a level of standing water up to 2-4 cm till maxi- mum tillering stage and after that, a water level of 7-10 cm was maintained up to grain filling stage and then drained out after milk stage to enhance maturity. The crop was assaulted by yellow rice stem borer (Scirpopaga incertulas) at the panicle initiation stage which was successfully controlled with Sumithion @ 1.5 L ha^-1. Four hills were randomly selected from each plot (excluding boarder rows and central 1 m²) and uprooted to record data on crop characters and yield components. After sampling, the whole plot was harvested on 7 May, 2014 when 90% of the seeds became golden yellow in colour. At maturity, one square meter area from each plot was selected from the central portion and was cut manually from the ground level to take grain and straw yields. The harvested crop of each plot was separately bundled, properly tagged and then brought to the threshing floor. The harvested crops were threshed manually. The grain was cleaned and dried to a moisture content of 14 %. Straws were sun dried properly. Final grain and straw yields plot^-1 were recorded and converted to t ha^-1. The 1^st data on weed infestation was taken from the plots where T_2, T₃ and T₄ treatments were applied at 20 DAT of rice plant. The 2^nd data on weed infestation was taken from the plots where T₃, T₅, T₆ and T₈ treatments were applied at 40 DAT of rice plant. The 3^rd data on weed infestation was taken from each of the unit plot as per treatments at dough stage of rice plant. The data were taken by 0.25 m² quadrate from two places of each plot at random. The weeds infested in each plot were identified species-wise and their density per square meter was counted. The density of weed was determined using a quadrate of 0.25 m² in two places at random in each plot. The average number of two samples was converted to no. m^-2. The weeds inside each quadrate for density count were uprooted, cleaned and separated. The collected weeds were dried in an electrical oven for 72 hours maintaining a constant temperature of 80°C. After drying, weight of dried weeds were taken and converted to g m^-2. The plants at dough stage inside quadrate (0.25 m²) were uprooted. The roots of each plant were removed. Then the plants were washed with tap water and the plant samples were packed in labeled brown paper bags and dried in the oven at 85±5°C for 72 hours until constant weight was reached. The dried samples were weighed carefully and converted to t ha^-1. The recorded data were compiled and subjected to statistical analysis. Analysis of variance was done following randomized complete block design with the of computer package MSTAT. The mean differences among the weed control treatments were adjudged by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 4(2): 133-140 (2019)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.26832/24566632.2019.040202

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Weeding regime has significant influence on yield and yield contributing characters of aromatic rice. The tallest plant, the highest number of total tillers hill^-1, number of effective tillers hill^-1, grains panicle^-1, 1000^-grain weight, grain yield and straw yields were obtained from weed free treatment. From the present study it can be concluded that weed free throughout the growth period had pronounced influence on yield of aromatic Boro rice followed by pre-emergence herbicide + post-emergence herbicide + one hand weeding at 40 DAT. However, the highest benefit cost ratio was obtained from pre-emergence herbicide + post-emergence herbicide + one hand weeding at 40 DAT. Therefore, application of pre-emergence herbicide (Panida @ 2.5 L ha^-1) followed by post-emergence herbicide (Granite @ 93.70 ml ha^-1) + one hand weeding at 40 DAT appears as the promising technique for controlling weeds in aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50) cultivation in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal