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Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Water and Tengra Fish (mystus Vittatus) of Surma River in Sylhet Region of Bangladesh

Ariful Islam
Department of Fisheries, International Institute of Applied Science and Technology (IIAST), Rangpur

Md. Motaher Hossain
Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100

Md. Matiur Rahim
Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST), Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR)

Md. Mehedy Hasan
Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100

Mohammad Tariqul Hassan
Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST), Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR)

Maksuda Begum
Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST), Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR)

Zobaer Ahmed
Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was carried out to assess the concentration of heavy metals in water and Tengra fish (Mystus vittatus) of the Surma River, the largest water basin ecosystem covering the north-eastern parts of Bangladesh. Water and Tengra fish (M. vittatus) samples were collected from a total of six sampling stations in which three sampling stations were in Sylhet district and the rest three were in Sunamganj district. Samples were collected from February 2017 to June 2017 on a monthly basis. Water and Tengra fish (M. vittatus) samples were analyzed for the detection of heavy metals viz., lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) concentrations. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used for the detection of heavy metals after digestion of the samples. Pb and Cr were detected from both water and Tengra fish (M. vittatus) samples collected from all the six sampling stations of Sylhet and Sunamganj district. But, Cd was not found both in water and Tengra fish (M. vittatus) during the study period. This study concluded that the detected concentrations of metals (Pb and Cr) in the studied Tengra fish (M. vittatus) muscles were accepted by the international legislation limits and are safe for human consumption. But in water, Pb is the only metal that potentially poses the ecological risk to the water body as it exceeds the acceptance level recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Consequently, close monitoring of metals pollution of the Surma River is recommended with a view to minimizing the health risk of the population that depend on the river for their water and fish supply.

Keywords: Health risk assessment, Heavy metal, Human consumption, Surma River, Tengra Fish

Location: Surma River in Sylhet and Sunamganj district.

Start Date: 00-02-2017

End Date: 00-06-2017

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Heavy metal, Fish

Objectives:

To find out the presence and concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cr and Cd) in the water and Tengra fish (more common and available fish species in the river) of Surma river-whether it is at an alarming rate or not.

Methodology:

The sampling site was selected on the basis of water color and the distance between the location of the industry and the water body. In this study, total six sampling sites (S1, S2, S3,S4, S5 and S6) were selected of which three sampling sites were in the Sylhet district (S1, S2 and S3) and the rest three sampling sites were in Sunamganj district (S4, S5 and S6). The water and Tengra (Mystus vittatus) fish samples were collected from the selected six sampling stations of Surma River in Sylhet and Sunamganj district. The samples were collected on a monthly basis from February 2017 to June 2017. Water samples were collected manually from a depth of 0.5m below the surface. Tengra fish (M. vittatus) sample was collected from the local fishermen while they were harvesting fish using net and boat. The water and Tengra fish (M. vittatus) samples were immediately preserved in a refrigerator of the Microbiological Laboratory of Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control (FTQC), Sylhet Agricultural University (SAU) after bringing to the laboratory in an insulated ice box. Preserved samples were then sent to Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh in chilled condition using an insulated ice box for further analysis. Water and Tengra fish (M. vittatus) samples were tested for heavy metal concentrations namely Pb, Cr and Cd. This was done in the laboratory of Toxicology of Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh. The water and Tengra fish (M. vittatus) samples were taken from the refrigerator and kept in room temperature for an hour. Then the dorsal and pectoral fins were cut off and viscera were removed from Tengra fish (M. vittatus) samples to reduce the errors. Then the required amount of fish muscle (whole body) was finely chopped and blended manually in a chopping board and thus prepared for further analysis. For the extraction of heavy metal, at first 5 g finely blended Tengra fish (M. vittatus) sample or 10 g water sample was weighted and was taken in a crucible. Then 2 ml (4/5 drops) of concentrated HNO3 was added with the sample inside a fume hood. The sample was burned on a hot air plate inside the fume hood. After digestion of the sample on hot air plate, the crucible was kept in a muffle furnace to burn the sample for 5 or 6 hours at 600°C temperature to become it ash. Then 10 ml of HCL (5M) was added with the ash and boiled it on a hot plate to digest the sample again inside the fume hood. After boiling (samples becomes colorless or transparent) the extracts were filtered into a 100 ml volumetric flask through a 12.5cm Whatman No. 1 filter paper and volume it up to 100 ml with de-ionized water inside the fume hood. Finally, the analysis was done by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The extracted solutions were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) (Model: AA-6300), Shimadzu using argon gas as fuel and air as an oxidizer. The “WizAArd” software was used in the AAS operates on Windows XP/2000. Digested samples were aspirated into the fuel-rich air acetylene flame and therefore the metal concentrations were determined from the calibration curves obtained from standard solutions. Each determination was done from a single analysis and expressed on an “as is” basis.

Source of Information: Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 4(2): 151-156 (2019)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.26832/24566632.2019.040204

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of the present study showed that the heavy metals concentrations in Tengra fish (M. vittatus) was in a permissible limit in terms of food safety issue especially chemical hazards. However, heavy metals pollution in river water was found in alarming condition as the lead concentration has crossed the acceptable limits of 0.01 mg L^-1 (WHO). So, it is high time to prevent heavy metals pollution in Surma River as the river serves as a source of drinking water, irrigation and fish for the local inhabitants. For this, it is necessary to create awareness among the public as well as the policymakers about the importance of installing the Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) in various polluting industries. Besides, the anthropogenic sources and agricultural runoff should be reduced. In this study, heavy metals were detected only in Tengra fish (M. vittatus), so other types of fish should be analyzed for heavy metals to check the level of pollution. The concentration of other heavy metals like mercury, arsenic, copper, iron, nickel and others that were not studied should be assessed.

Knowledge Management: Journal