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Long-term Fertilization Effect on Yield and Land Productivity of Rice-wheat Cropping System of Bangladesh

Fahamida Akter
Faculty of Graduate Studies, Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706; Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701

Md. Mizanur Rahman
Faculty of Graduate Studies, Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

Md. Ashraful Alam
Faculty of Graduate Studies, Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A factorial study was carried out at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University to determine the effect of long term fertilization on yield performance of T. aman rice and wheat. The experimental plot received different organic manures for the last 26 years (1988-2014). The organic manure cowdung, compost, green manure and rice straw were applied at the rate of 25, 25, 7.5 and 1.5 t ha^-1, respectively in a yearly sequence. Three levels of nitrogen viz., 0, 75 and 100 kg ha^-1for rice and 0, 80 and 120 kg ha^-1 for wheat were applied. Application of nitrogen fertilizer along with organic manure significantly increased yield of rice and wheat .The highest rice grain yield was found in 2014 under the N₇₅ and no manure treatment, which was 6.48 t ha^-1 whereas grain yield of wheat was found maximum in 2008 from the interaction of N₁₂₀ and rice straw application where yield was recorded 5.25 t ha^-1. In rice-wheat cropping sequence, the plots that received no nitrogen, LPI value was less than 2 (0.80) in the observed years. When the plots were treated with nitrogen fertilizer showed LPI values > 2 in 2008, 2009, 2012 and 2013, which indicates the trend of higher productivity of land due to long term fertilization. The maximum sustainable yield index was found in rice (0.69)> wheat (0.40) with 100 kg ha^-1 and 120 kg ha^-1 N treatment respectively. So, Long term fertilization strategy can be effective way to improve the yield, land productivity and sustainable yield index of rice and wheat through rescheduling the rates of organic and inorganic fertilizers that ensure balanced supply of plant nutrients.

Keywords: Fertilizer, Land productivity index, Sustainable yield index, Rice-Wheat Cropping System

Location: Agro-ecological Zone (AEZ) of Madhupur Tract (AEZ-28)

Start Date: 28-09-2013

End Date: 20-03-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice, Wheat

Objectives:

To determine the effect of long term fertilization on yield performance of T. aman rice and wheat.

Methodology:

The current study is a part of long-term manuring experiment that started in July, 1988 with T. aman rice-wheat cropping sequence at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University. Data used in the study for the period of 2007-2014, while as per design and treatments, the experiment was conducted for one year only (2013-2014). The experimental farm is located in the center of the Agro-ecological Zone (AEZ) of Madhupur Tract (AEZ-28) at about 24.23° North Latitude and 90.08° East Longitude having a mean elevation of 8.4m above mean sea level and about 40 km north of Dhaka. The climate of the location is tropical monsoon. The land selected for the long-term experiment had been a virgin land where no crop was grown before. The soil belongs to Salna series representing the Shallow Red Brown Terrace and is classifed as Inceptisols according to USDA Taxono-my (Brammer, 1978). The soil is characterized by heavy clays within 50 cm from the surface and is acidic in nature. Some basic chemical properties of the soil, prior to setting the Long term experiment, are presented. The experimental design of the study was in a factorial random-ized complete block design with two replications and plot size was 12m × 7m. The factorial experiment included five different organic materials treatments (application of cow-dung (CD) @ 25 t/ha, compost @ 25 t/ha, green ipil-ipil leaves @ 7.5 t/ha, rice straw (RS) @ 1.5 t/ha, no manure application) and three nitrogen treatments (For rice 0, 75 and 100 kg N/ha and for wheat 0, 80 and 120 kg N/ha ). The high yielding rice variety BRRI dhan39 and wheat variety BARI Gom 24 (prodip) were used as the test crops. Seeds were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC). One week after proper paddling the field, twenty-five-days old seedlings of BRRI dhan39 were transplanted maintaining a spacing of 25 cm × 20 cm and wheat seeds were directly sown in 18^th November 2013 in continuous lines having the line to line distance of 20 cm. Fer-tilizer doses of P and K were applied as triple super phosphate (TSP)and muriate of potash (MoP) at the rate of 44.05 and 66.67 kg ha^-¹) The whole amount of TSP, MoP and gypsum was applied during final land preparation. Urea was applied in three equal splits at final land preparation, 15 days after transplanting (DAT) and 5-7 days before panicle initiation stage. During T. Aman2013, irrigation were given to the rice plots to maintain standing water for almost all the time except maturity. Six irrigation were given on 5 Days after sowing(DAS), 11DAS, 21DAS, 29DAS, 40DAS and 50DAS during wheat season (Rabi 2014). After irrigation the soil was made loosen. Weeding and thinning were also done simultaneously at that time. At maturity BRRI dhan39 was harvested in 28^th September 2013 and BARI Gom 24 was harvested in 20^th March 2014. The yield data of rice and wheat for the year of 2007 to 2013 were collected from the records of previous study. Data were statistically analyzed using STATISTICS-10.0 software. ANOVA and univariate analyses were performed to test all parameters. Treatment means were separated by least significant difference (LSD). Different graphs were prepared using Microsoft Excel (Office 2007).

Source of Information: Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 4(2): 249-255 (2019)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.26832/24566632.2019.0402019

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the experimental results it can be concluded that the combined use of organic manure with inorganic fertilizers performed better than inorganic fertilizers alone to sustain soil fertility and system productivity. Long-term addition of manures increased rice and wheat yield positively. In case of rice, the cow dung and rice straw performed better as compared to compost and green manure. In case of wheat, green manure and rice straw performed better.However, the yield increase due to organic amendment was not as much as obtained with N fertilizer application. Both LPI and SYI for rice and wheat were found low compared to the standard values which indicated that there are ample scopes to increase rice and wheat yields following better soil and crop management practices.

Knowledge Management: Journal