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Assessment of Soil and Water Quality as Affected by Herbicide Application in the Rice Field of Bangladesh

Md. Rashedur Rahman
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Iffat Ara Mahzabin
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh – 2202

Md. Tofazzal Hossain
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh – 2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Weed is a vital constraint for crop especially rice cultivation. Among several techniques herbicidal weed control is thought to be efficient and cost effective method. But herbicide may change soil or water quality in rice field. Taking this into consideration a study was conducted to assess soil and water quality in herbicide applied rice field. The study was conducted in two phases. In first phase a list of herbicide was made according to the uses by the local farmers of Mymensingh district. It was found that among the herbicides wide used two herbicides were i. Laser (Pyrazosulphuron ethyl-10 WP) and ii. Changer (Acetachlor-14% + Bensulfuron methyl-4%). In the second phase, an experiment was conducted at Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh considering these two herbicides. It was found that the application of herbicide in the rice field did not change the nutrient content in the soil or water of rice field. But herbicide significantly reduced the microbial activity and increased the chlorine content (In case of herbicide 2 i.e. Acetachlor-14% + Bensulfuron methyl-4%) in both soil and water of rice field. Therefore, it can be concluded that though the nutrient content of the soil of rice field is not significantly affected by herbicide application but the presence of high amount of Cl content in the rice field may cause burning injury of rice leaf at the early stages of its growth which could affect the yield of rice.

Keywords: Herbicides, Microbial activity, Rice, Soil, Water Quality

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Herbicide, Soil fertility, Water quality

Objectives:

To find out the farmers perception about the herbicides and their impact on soil environment of rice field, especially the availability of soil nutrients and water quality of rice field after application of herbicides.

Methodology:

Before starting the field experiment, the information from farmer’s level regarding herbicides use was collected from different villages of Mymensingh district. The data were collected by personal interview using a semistructrued questionnaire, Group discussion etc. The data were collected mainly from farmer and the herbicide dealers in the respected area. After the collection of information, a list of the most frequently used herbicide by farmers were made and among which top two herbicides used by the local farmers were selected for field experiment. The top two herbicides were i. Laser (Pyrazosulphuron ethyl-10 WP) and ii. Changer (Acetachlor- 14% + Bensulfuron methyl-4%). The experiment was conducted at Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The experiment consists of two factors i.e. Factor A: Crop (2) i. Rice crop (C₁₎ and ii. No crop (C₀); Factor B: Herbicides (3) i. No herbicide (control) (H₀), ii. Pyrazosulphuron ethyl (H₁) and iii. Acetachlor- 14% + Bensulfuron methyl-4% (H₂). The experiment was conducted following randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication and thus the total number of plots were 18 (2×3×3). The size of the each plot was 10 m². The first batch of soil sample was collected before application of herbicide. Again soil sample from each plot were collected at 30 Days after transplanting and final batch of soil sample were collected after harvesting of rice. All the samples were collected maintaining proper procedure of soil sample collection. After collection, chemical analysis of the soil samples were done in Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI), Dhaka for the following nutrient elements viz., pH, chlorine, nitrogen (Total N%), phosphorus (µg/g soil), potassium (meq/100g soil), sulphur (µg/g soil), boron (µg/g soil), zinc (µg/g soil), microbial activity (CFU/ml) following standard methods (Chaturvedi and Sankar, 2006). The water sample from the rice field was collected in a regular interval (6 times). After transplanting of rice seedlings in the main field, the first batch of water sample were collected at the very first day of herbicide application in the rice field. The second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth batches of water sample will be collected at 3, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days after application of herbicide in the rice field. After collection, chemical analysis of the water samples were done in Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI), Dhaka for the following nutrient elements viz., pH, DO (Dissolved oxygen), BOD (Biological oxygen demand), TDS (Total dissolved solid), chlorine, phosphorus (µg/g soil), potassium (meq/100g soil), sulphur (µg/g soil), boron (µg/g soil), zinc (µg/g soil) and microbial activities (CFU/ml) following standard methods (APHA, 2012).

Source of Information: Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 4(2): 224-229 (2019)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.26832/24566632.2019.0402015

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Based on the findings, it is found that local farmers of the Mymensingh region in Bangladesh used to apply two types of herbicide (i. Pyrazosulphuron ethyl-10 WP and ii. Acetachlor-14% + Bensulfuron methyl-4%) in their rice field. Sometimes they used to apply more than the recommended dose to get desirable destruction level of weed. Considering the experimen-tation with that herbicide it has been found that the application of herbicide in the rice field does not change the nutrient con-tent in the soil or water of rice field. But herbicide significantly reduces the microbial activity in both soil and water of rice field. In case of herbicide 2 i.e. Acetachlor-14% + Bensulfuron methyl-4%, it increases the chlorine content in the both soil and water and thus the presence of this high amount of Cl content in the rice field may cause burning injury of rice leaf which could affect the yield of rice.

Knowledge Management: Journal