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Evaluation of Microbiological Quality of Dried Baim (mastacembelus Armatus) in Bangladesh

Tania Akter
Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, BANGLADESH

Md. Abu Sayeed
Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

Md. Golam Rasul
Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

Md. Abul Kashem
Deputy Project Director, Expansion of Aquaculture Technology Services up to Union Level Project (Phase II), Department of Fisheries

Ajit Kumar Paul
Deputy Project Director, Expansion of Aquaculture Technology Services up to Union Level Project (Phase II), Department of Fisheries

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was performed for five months to assess the microbiological quality of dried Baim (Mastacembelus armatus) in Sylhet region of Bangladesh. A total of 45 dried samples were randomly collected on monthly basis from three different sources of Sylhet region; one from producer (drying yard of Lamagaji) and others from retail market (Bandar Bazar) and control (prepared in laboratory). The mean total plate count (TPC) of dried Baim from producer, retail market and control were observed 6.20 ± 0.72 ×10⁵, 9.64 ± 1.58 ×10⁵ and 1.61 ± 1.06×10⁵ cfu/g, respectively, whereas, average total fungal count (TFC) were estimated 3.77 ± 0.81 ×10³, 4.65 ± 1.08 ×10³and 1.78 ± 0.64 ×10³ cfu/g, respectively. TPC and TFC of dried Baim of retail market were found significantly (P<0.05) highest and significantly (P<0.05) lowest in control samples than others. Twenty five samples from each source were analyzed to determine pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella sp. Hundred percent samples of dried Baim of producer and retail market were found contaminated by E. coli whereas; the controlled samples were free of E. coli. Likewise, the dried Baim samples of producer and retail market were contaminated 60% and 80% respectively with Salmonella. Dried baim sample from market was 100%, producer sample was 62% and control sample was 32% contaminated with fungi. The most common fungus species in samples were Aspergillus fumigatus, Fuserium proliferatum and Rhizopus stolonifer. The overall microbiological quality of control samples was comparatively better than the commercially produced dried Baim in Sylhet region.

Keywords: Dried baim, Microbiological quality, Pathogenic bacteria, Homogenated dry fish

Location: Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control in Sylhet region

Start Date: 00-12-2016

End Date: 00-04-2017

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Commodity: Eel

Objectives:

To determine microbiological quality of dried Baim of Sylhet region.

Methodology:

Dried Baim (Mastacembelus armatus) was selected as sample dried fish which is one of the most available and popular dry fish in Sylhet region of Bangladesh. Sample was collected from three different sources on monthly basis; Lamagaji fish drying yard of Sunamgonj, Banadar Bazar (Retail Market) of Sylhet Sadar and control sample prepared in every month of study period in laboratory of Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, SAU with proper hygienic and sanitation condition. Raw fresh Baim used to prepare control sample were collected from Tilagor fish market, Sylhet Sadar uazilla of Sylhet district. The dried fish was packed into airtight polyethene bags and stored at room temperature for subsequent analysis. Samples were collected as monthly basis from December 2016 to April 2017. Bacterial load was determined using plate count agar (PCA) by spread plate technique. Ten grams of the sample was mixed with 10 fold volume of physiological saline (0.85% NaCl) which was serially mixed ten folds. Appropriate dilutions of fish homogenate were spread on plate count agar. Then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and the colonies were counted for total plate count having plates 30-300 colonies and the count was expressed as cfu/g (APHA, 1992). Fungal count was conducted out using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) to which Chloramphenicol (antibiotics) was mixed. Twenty-five grams of the sample was blended with 225 ml of 0.05% agar in saline solution (0.85% NaCl) and 0.1 ml of the appropriate dilutions of the sample was spread on the surface of the medium. Then incubated at room temperature (28±1°C) for 3-5 days and the colonies were counted for total fungal count and the count was expressed as cfu/g (Yamagata, 1992). Homogenated dry fish was transferred to LSTB tubes. Then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and observed for growth and gas production. Samples from positive LSTB tubes were transferred to EC broth tubes and incubated at 37°C for 24-48 hours, Samples from positive EC broth was streaked on to eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar plate to sure that the E. coli. Black or dark centered colonies with or without greenish metallic sheen were produced by E. coli. Further biochemical tests (Sugar fermentation test, Indole test, MR test, VP test, TSI slant test and Catalase test) were completed for identification of E. coli (AOAC, 1998).In the detection of Salmonella, lactose broth (LB) was used which act as pre-enrichment and tetrathionate broth and seletinecystine broth were used in enrichment. Isolation for Salmonella, xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) was used. Further biochemical tests were done for identification of Salmonella (AOAC, 1998). Salmonella exhibited pink colonies with or without black centers (FDA BAM, 2007). At first, ten-fold serial dilution of 1g of fish with distilled water then 0.1ml of the dilution was cultured by spread plate technique into Potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with chloramphenicol at 40 μg/ml and Gentamycin at 500 μg/ml. Then incubated for 5 to 14 days at room temperature. Pure culture of the different colonies (based on morphology) was obtained by sub-culture of the isolates on potato dextrose agar plates and sabouraud’s dextrose agar plates. The fungal isolates were identified to the genus/species level based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics and all of the isolates obtained from pure cultures. From the sample an inoculum is prepared and streaked on the SDA media and incubated at room temperature. The different plate media were looked for the fungal growth every day until growth is found after 3 to 4 days of plating. Pure culture was prepared from this initial culture (Rippon, 1998). In order to make a pure culture, spores from initial culture was transferred to media containing petridishes by sterilized inoculating loop to avoid any contamination with other fungus and incubate for 3-4 days at room temperature until the fungal growth is found. Fungal colony was taken with the help of an inoculating needle on a fresh glass slide containing two drops of lactophenol cotton blue from pure culture. The fungal colony was covered with a cover slip and the slides were examined under the microscope. The fungus was identified on the basis of its cultural and morphological characteristics (Rippon, 1998).All data were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA including IBM SPSS, Version 20.0. Probabilities of P<0.05 were considered significant. Significance differences between means were assessed using the Duncan’s multiple range test.

Source of Information: Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 3(4): 344-353 (2018)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.26832/24566632.2018.030403

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The microbiological condition in dried Baim was poor in our study areas which may be caused by the improper and unhygienic handling, lack of sanitation of labours, poor processing, improper storage and inadequate packaging of the products. Therefore, control measures such as ensuring scientific, developed and hygienic fish drying method (e.g. use of good quality raw material, good quality salt, hygienic handling practices, potable water, good quality packaging material), training of the fisher folks and increasing the awareness of mass people about food safety should be taken.

Knowledge Management: Journal