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Bacterial Assessment of Street-vended Hog Plum (spondias Mombin) and Its Public Health Importance

A Siddiqu
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

S Nasrin
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M Moonmoon
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M A Islam
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M M Khatun
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To determine the microbial load of hog plum (Spondias mombin) (Local name Amra) sold by street vendors at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) campus and Mymensingh city, samples of raw hog plum wash (n = 5), hand wash of vendors (n = 5), knife wash (n = 5) and stick wash (n = 5) were collected from five different hog plum vendors. Microbial quality of hog plums was assessed by total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC) and total staphylococcal count (TSC). Samples were inoculated into Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, MacConkey agar and Mannitol Salt (MS) agar. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were confirmed by sugar fermentation and biochemical tests. TVC ranged from log 6.9 to 6.8 cfu/mL in raw hog plum wash, log 6.9 to 5.8 cfu/mL in vendors' hand wash, log 5.9 to 4.9 cfu/mL in stick wash and log 5.3 to 5.2 cfu/mL in knife wash samples. TCC of raw hog plum wash sample was log 3.4 to 2.3 cfu/mL and in vendors’ hand wash samples log 3.4 to 1.3 cfu/mL. TCC were not detected in stick and knife wash samples. TSC ranged from log 4.6 to 4.6 cfu/mL in raw hog plum wash, log 5.7 to 4.6 cfu/mL in vendors' hand wash, log 4.6 to 3.6 cfu/mL in stick wash and log 4.5 to 4.5 cfu/mL in knife wash samples. Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and vancomycin and resistant to ampicillin and cephalexin. E. coli were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin and resistant to ampicillin, penicillin G and cephalexin. It is indicated that hog plum sold at BAU campus and Mymensingh city street harbour multidrug-resistant food-borne bacteria causing possible public health hazards.

Keywords: Hogplum, Street food, Microbial, Contamination, Vendor

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) campus

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Food Safety and Security

Commodity: Hogplum

Objectives:

To identify bacteria in street-vended hog plum and to assess their antibiotic sensitivity.

Methodology:

Collection of samples: Samples of raw hog plum wash (n = 5), hand wash of vendors (n = 5), knife wash (n = 5) and stick wash (n = 5) were collected from five places where vendors sell hog plum: BAU Library, KB High School, Botanical Garden, China Bridge-point and Station road, in Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) campus and Mymensingh city. Enumeration of total viable count (TVC): About 0.1 mL of each tenfold dilution was transferred and spread duplicate onto Plate count (PC) agar using micropipettes. The inoculated samples were spread on to the entire surface of the agar plate with a sterile glass spreader. One sterile spreader was used for each plate. The plates were kept in an incubator at 37°C for 24 – 48 hours. After incubation, plates exhibiting 30-300 colonies were counted. The average number of colonies in each dilution was multiplied by the dilution to obtain the total viable count, as suggested by ISO (1995). The results were expressed as the number of Colony Forming Units (CFU) per gram of food samples. Enumeration of total coliform count (TCC): In case of coliform count, MacConkey agar was used. Protocols used in this method were similar to that of TVC. Enumeration of total staphylococcal count (TSC): In case of staphylococcal count, Mannitol salt agar was used. Protocols used in this method were similar to that of TVC. Isolation of bacteria: Homogenized samples were enriched by overnight incubation in nutrient broth at 37°C for 24 hours. These were streaked in duplicate plates onto Mannitol salt agar (MSA) and Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Identification of bacteria: Bacteria were identified by morphology of colonies, Gram’s stain, sugar fermentation reaction, catalase, coagulase, Methyl Red (M-R), Voges-proskauer (V-P), and indole tests. Antibiotic sensitivity test: Antibiotic sensitivity was tested using 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard inoculum and freshly prepared, dried Mueller Hinton agar and six antibiotics: ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin, cephalexin, penicillin G and ciprofloxacin. Two isolates of E. coli and S. aureus were selected randomly for the test. Disc diffusion or Kirby–Bauer method was used. The results were expressed as resistant, intermediate or sensitive according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.

Source of Information: The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2015) 32 (1) : 19 – 26

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The bacteria in hog plums showed multiple antibiotic resistances, which is a matter of concern for public health. The results underline the need for hygiene improvement and for increased awareness of sanitary practices during hog plum preparation and serving. Hygienic handling and health education are crucial for preventing spread of resistant bacteria and food poisoning through consumption of contaminated fruits.

Knowledge Management: Journal