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Effect of Sunlight and Artificial Light on Micropropagation of Potato (solanum Tuberosum L.) Plantlets

S. Rehana
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208

F. Ahmed
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208

N. Zeba
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Agargaon, Dhaka 1207.

A. Husna
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Agargaon, Dhaka 1207.

F. Hossain
Rural Development Academy, Bogra, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Fluorescent lamps (artificial light) and sunlight were used as lighting source in present study to identify feasibility of using sunlight in plant tissue culture laboratory. In vitro regenerated nodal segments of the cardinal variety of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were inoculated in MS medium without any growth regulator for shoot and root development. After 30 days of culture in an average temperature at 21.94±0.21°C, relative humidity 39.35±0.75%, various morphological responses i.e. plantlet height, diameter of plantlet, number of nodes per plantlet, inter node distance, number of leaves per plantlet, fresh and dry weight of plantlets , number of root, length of root, growth rate etc. were recorded. The average light intensity at sunlight and artificial treatment was observed at 4805.5±326.54 lux and 3484±84.44 lux, respectively. All the growth factors performed better result in sunlight treatment than those of artificial one except average number of nodes and leaves. The average height of plantlet at sunlight was 53.33±3.32 mm which was greater than that of artificial light 51.67±2.15 mm. Fresh weight and dry weight are two important morphological factors for plantlet and in case of fresh weight that was always greater 0.49±0.097 in sunlighted plantlet and 0.21±0.026 in artificial one. In case of dry weight the average weight 0.08±0.016 was greater in sunlighted plantlet than that of 0.03±0.004 in artificial one. Number of roots, root length and growth rate of the plantlets observed higher in sunlighted plantlets compared to artificial light. Moreover, the sunlighted plantlets were healthier, vigorous and strong which helped plants to establish in net house easily. Considering the cost of electricity consumption, from a laboratory area of 20.47 m² BD Taka 63% could be saved in each month by using sunlight. As low cost options of energy saving in tissue culture laboratory using sunlight would be feasible and environmentally friendly technology for commercial point of view in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Artificial light, Micropropagation, Morphological responses, Potato, Plantlets, Sunlight

Location: Plant tissue culture laboratory, Rural Development Academy (RDA), Bogra, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Potato

Objectives:

To identify feasibility of using sunlight in plant tissue culture laboratory.

Methodology:

The research work has been carried out at the plant tissue culture laboratory, Rural Development Academy (RDA), Bogra, Bangladesh to observe different morphogenic characters i.e. length and diameter of plantlet, number of nodes per plantlet, number of leaves per plantlet, inter node distance between two nodes, fresh and dry weight of plantlets, number and length of root, growth rate of shoot etc. The explants collected from in vitro cultured potato variety Cardinal, developed through meristems culture in vitro, were used as the initial planting material. MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium without any growth regulator was used as basal medium. After collection of explants from cultured vessels, carefully and aseptically each plantlet was cut into pieces about 2 cm by surgical blade bearing one node and one leaf in each explant and placed on the sterilized glass. After preparing sufficient amount of explants for one bottle, they were inoculated into the glass bottle containing about 30 ml of MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium with- out any growth regulator. They were then kept in growth room in two types of culture conditions in respect to source of light. In case of sunlight the average light intensity was 4805.5±326.54 lux and photoperiod time 16 hours (10 hour day light and 6 hour artificial light). On the other hand in artificial light condition average light intensity was 3484.23±84.44 lux and photoperiod time 16 hours. The temperature was maintained at 21.94±0.021°C and relative humidity at 39.35±0.75% in the culture room. Culture bottles were arranged in the same distance in culture rack so that they were exposed to uniform light environment. The experiment was conducted in two treatments, in three replications and for each treatment five bottles with four plantlets were taken per replication. Plant growth was observed after 30 days of culture. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software.

Source of Information: Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 3(2): 151-156 (2018)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2018.030208

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study was conducted to identify the feasibility of using sun light instead of artificial one as a source of light intensity in micropropagation of potato plantlets (S. tuberosum). Three physiological factors such as light intensity, relative humidity and temperature were continuously observed and recorded for three times per day. Relative humidity in the growth chamber was average 39.35±0.75%, minimum 32.47% and maximum 55.77%. The light intensity at sun light treatment was fluctuated (average 4805.5±326.54, minimum 1886.67, maxi- mum 8725 lux) and at artificial light treatment was average 3484±84.44 lux. The temperature was maintained at 21.94±0.21 by air cooler. After 30 days of inoculation different types of growth factors were measured. Except average number of nodes and leaves all growth factors (average) at sun light treatment were more than that of artificial light. The growth factors like length of plantlet 53.33±3.32 mm, 51.67±2.15 mm; diameter of plantlet 1.03±0.054 mm, 0.75±0.041 mm; inter nodes distance7.21±0.80 mm, 6.53±0.04 mm; fresh wt 0.49±0.097 gm, 0.21±0.026 gm; dry wt.08±0.016 gm, 0.034±0.004 gm; number of root 7.58±0.62, 6.5±0.68; large root length 54.50±5.53 mm, 19.67±2.03 mm; growth rate 1.78±0.11, 1.72±0.072mm; nodes number 7.75±0.39, 8.33±0.36; number of leave 9.25±0.43, 9.42±0.47 at sun light and artificial light treatment, respectively. It can be concluded that S. tuberosum nodal segments carry a high potential for shoot and root formation on a simple culture medium without any growth regulator at sun light as a source of light intensity instead of artificial one (fluorescent). For mass scale plantlet propagation in Bangladesh, tissue culture laboratory could be developed where 10 hours /day sunlight would be used while an average of 63% BDT could be saved from a 20.47m² laboratory area. The use of sun light in plant tissue culture laboratory would be a new tool for Bangladesh in future.

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