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Analgesic, Antidiarrheal, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Oral Glucose Tolerance Activities of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Aristolochia Indical.

Farhana Yasmin
Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.

Mahin Hossain
Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.

Amit Sarder
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.

Bishwajit Bokshi*
Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Objective:To investigate the possible analgesic, antidiarrheal, antioxidant, cytotoxicand oral glucose tolerance activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Aristolochia indica (A.indica) L. Methods:Analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing method in mice. Castor oil induced diarrheal model mice were used to investigate antidiarrheal activity of the leaf extract. Qualitative in vitroantioxidant activity was evaluated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique. Cytotoxic activity was investigated on the basis of brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Finally, the hypoglycemic activity of the leaf extract was evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test. Results: The plant extract showed dose dependent analgesic activity by acetic acid induced writhing inhibition in mice model. In vivoantidiarrheal activity was substantiated by significant prolongation of latent period and decreased in total number of stools compared to control. In the TLC-based qualitative antioxidant assay using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), the plantextract showed the free radical scavenging properties indicated by the presence of strong yellow spot on a purple background on the TLC plate. In the cytotoxicity assay, the LC50obtained for the extract was low enough which indicates that the extract may contain cytotoxic activity. The plant extract at the dose of 500 mg/kg showed significant glucose lowering activity compared to control.Conclusion: These results suggest that the extract possesses analgesic, antidiarrheal, antioxidant, cytotoxic and oral glucose tolerance activity.

Keywords: Analgesic, Antidiarrheal, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Oral Glucose Tolerance, Aristolochia indica.

Location: Khulna district of Bangladesh

Start Date: 12-10-2013

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to carry out the possible analgesic, cytotoxic and oral glucose tolerance activities along with anti-diarrheal and antioxidant activities of ethanolic leaf extract of A. indicaL.

Methodology:

Plant material collection and identification The leaves of the plant Aristolochia indica L. were collected on 12^thOctober, 2013 from Khulna district of Bangladesh at daytime. Any type of adulteration was strictly prohibited during collection of leaves. The plants were authenticated officially by the experts of Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh Preparation of crude extract Undesirable materials were separated from the collected leaves. The leaves were then shed dried and coarse powder of the leaves were made with the help of a suitable grinder. 150 g of grinded leaves powder was soaked in 700 ml of ethanol in a glass container. The extract was then separated from the plant debris after 15 days by filtration with the help of Whatman filter paper. Concentrated extract was then prepared by evaporation (initially by open air and finally by water bath). The final yield in the extract was 14.67%. Experimental animal Young Swiss-albino mice aged 4-5 weeks with appropriate average weights of 28-35 gm were used as experimental animal for this experiment which were purchased from Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh. Phytochemical screening test Phytochemical analysis of ethanolic leaf extract of Aristolochia indica L. was carried out following standard procedure (Ghani 2003). Evaluation of in vivo analgesic activity by acetic acid induced writhing method Analgesic activity of Aristolochia indica L. leaves extract was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing method in mice (Ahmed et al. 2004; Whittle 1964). Young Swiss-albino were randomly selected and divided into four groups denoted as group-I, group-II, group-III andgroup-IV consistingof 5 mice in each group. Each group received a particular treatment i.e. negative control (10 mg/kg body weight of solution prepared by mixing few drops of tween-80 with 10 ml of distilled water), positive control (25 mg/kg body weight Diclofenac Na injection) and the two doses of the extract (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight).Test samples, positive and negative control solution were given orally by means of a feeding needle. A thirty minutes interval was given to ensure proper absorption of the administered substances. Then, the writhing inducing chemical acetic acid solution (0.7%) was administered intraperitoneally to each of the animals of a group. After an interval of 5 minutes, given for absorption of acetic acid, number of squirms (writhing) was counted for 15 minutes. 2.6 Evaluation of in vivo antidiarrheal activity Experimental animals were randomly selected and divided into six groups denoted as group-I, group-II, group-III, group-IV, group-V andgroup-VI consisting of 5 mice in each group. These groups received a particular treatmenti.e. control, standard and the four doses of the extract respectively. Group-I considered as the control group received only distilled water containing 1% tween-80. Group-II considered as standard group received standard Loperamide at the dose of 3 mg/kg body weight as oral suspension. Group-III, Group-IV, Group-V and Group-VI were treated with suspension of extract of Aristolochia indica L. at the oral doses of 62.5 mg/kg body weight, 125 mg/kg body weight, 250 mg/kg body weight and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively.The mice were fed with the samples 1 hour prior to the oral administration of castor oil at a dose of 0.7 ml per mouse. Individual mouse of each group was placed in separate cage having blotting paper in every cage lined with the floor to examine the presence of diarrhea every hour for 4 hours after the castor oil administration. Number of stools or any fluid material that stained the blotting paper were counted at each successive hour during the 4 hours period and was noted for each mouse. The latent period of each mouse was also counted. At the beginning of each hour new blotting papers were placed for the old ones. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity The qualitative in vitroantioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Aristolochia indica L. was evaluated by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The objective of this technique was to detect polar, non-polar and medium polar groups having antioxidant activity. Three types of solvents of different polarity were used to separate different compounds based on their polarity.

Source of Information: Biosci Bioeng Commun 2016; 2(4): 137-143

Article Link (Online Journal): https://www.journalbinet.com/

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study suggests that the ethanolic leaf extract of Aristolochia indicaL. possesses potent analgesic, antidiarrheal, antioxidant, cytotoxic and oral glucose tolerance activities that support this plant in traditional medicine for therapeutic purposes. However, further investigation is needed to isolate bioactive constituents responsible for versatile activities of this plant in traditional medicine.

Knowledge Management: Journal