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Improvement of Yield of Salt Tolerant Rice Genotypes/varieties Through Gypsum Application

Md. Shahidul Islam
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Sakina Khanam
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md. Shamiul Haque
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md. Tanjilur Rahman Mondal
Horticulture Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md. Al-Arafat Topu
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Salinity intrusion causes problems in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Climate change creates hazards like cyclone, sea level rise, and storm surge have been increasing the salinity problem in many folds. The coastal region covers about 20% of the country, from where cultivable land more than 30%. Agricultural land uses in these areas are very poor, because of high content of salinity in Rabi season. Already, 830,000 million hectares of land already identified as affected by soil salinity. A field experiment was carried out at saline prone area, Suparishata, Sodor, Satkhira under natural salinity condition during Rabi season 2017-2018. The experiment was carried out with two varieties namely, V1=Binadhan-10, V2= BRRI dhan67 and four levels of gypsum with control G0: 0 kg ha^-1, G1: 75 kg ha^-1, G2: 150 kg ha^-¹ and G3: 225 kg ha^-1. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The unit plot size was 3m x 4m. The recommended fertilizer doses applied for the experiment were 80 kg N ha^-1, 15 kg P ha^-1, 50 kg K ha^-1. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and zinc were supplied from urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum and zinc sulphate monohydrate respectively while urea was applied in three equal splits. Application of silicon had significant effect on plant height, number of effective tiller m^-2, length of panicle, total number of spikelets panicle^-1, thousand grain weight, number of filled spikelets panicle^-1, grain yield straw yield. It seems that the crop responded to the application of gypsum from 75-225 kg ha^-1. Overall results suggest that an application of gypsum 225 kg ha^-¹ along with N, P, K, Zn and Boron might be necessary to ensure satisfactory yield of rice in saline prone area under natural salinity condition.

Keywords: Salinity, Saline soil, Gypsum, BINAdhan, BRRI dhan

Location: Suparishata, Sodor, Sathkira under natural salinity condition

Start Date: 00-00-2017

End Date: 00-00-2018

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

Application of gypsum and organic amendments, row arrangement of the crops and irrigation methods, seed priming, mulching. Introduction of salinity tolerant rice varieties in combination with agronomic management practices for the amelioration of salinity stress effect is the key for improving crop productivity in the salinity affected coastal area of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The field experiment was conducted at saline prone area, Suparishata, Sodor, Sathkira under natural salinity condition during 2017-2018. The experiment was carried out with two varieties namely, V1=Binadhan10, V2=BRRI dhan67 and four levels of gypsum with control G0: 0 kg ha^-1, G1: 75 kg ha^-¹, G2: 150 kg ha^-¹ and G3: 225 kg ha^-1. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The unit plot size was 3m x 4m. The treatments were randomly distributed to the plots within a block. Seedlings were raised in well prepared wet seed bed at the sub-station Satkhira farms. No manuring and fertilization was done but water and pest management practices were followed in order to raise healthy seedlings.After uniform leveling, the experimental plots were laid out according to the requirement of the treatment. The plots of Boro rice were fertilized with N, P, K, Zn and Boron respectively according to the recommendation of BARC fertilizer recommendation guide (2012). The whole amount at triple super phosphate, muriatic of potash silicon, gypsum and zinc sulphate were applied to the soil at the time of final land preparation. Urea was applied in three equal splits. One split of urea was applied with other fertilizers as basal dose and the other two splits were applied 21 and 45 DAT. The seed bed was wet by application of water both in the morning and evening on the previous day before uprooting the seedling. Thirty days old seedlings were uprooted carefully from the seedling nursery for transplanting in the experimental plots. Only selected healthy seedlings were translated in the experimental plots in 1 February 2018 in 20cm apart line maintaining a distance of 15cm from hill to hill with three seedlings hill^-1 proper care was taken during the growing period of the crop. Intercultural operating was done in order to ensure and to maintain the normal growth of the plant as and when needed. After one week of transplanting dead seedling were replaced carefully by transplanting fresh seedlings from the same source. The experiment plots were infested with some common weeds which were removed twice by hand weeding. After transplanting six irrigation were needed to maintain 5-6 cm standing water in each plot. Finally, the field was drained out 7 days before harvest. Observations were regularly made and the field looked nice with normal green plants. The crops were harvested on 27 April, 2018 with sickle at full maturity. The maturity of crops was determined when some 70% of the seeds became attain their character’s color. Grain and straw yields plot were recorded after threshing by a pedal thresher winnowing and drying in the sun properly including the grains and straws of the sample plants. The weight of grains was adjusted to 12% moisture content. Grain and straw yield were them converted to tha^-1. From the 10 randomly harvested hills, the following data were recorded, plant height, number of total tillers hill^-1, number of effective tillers hill^-1, number of non-effective tillers hill^-1,number of grain panicle^-1, number of unfilled spikelet’s panicle^-1,1000 grain weight, Grain yield (tha^-1), Straw yield (tha^-1).The initial soil samples were collected from the plough depth level (0-15) cm. The samples were taken by means of an auger from different spots of the field and mixed thoroughly to make a composite sample. The composite sample was air dried ground and sieved through a 10-mesh (2mm) sieve and stored in a plastic bag for physical and chemical analysis. The initial soil sample was analyzed for physical and chemical properties in the laboratory of the Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706. Soil samples were analyzed for both physical and chemical characteristics. The soil samples were analyzed following the standard methods as follows.Soil pH was measured with the help of a glass electrode pH meter; the soil water ratio being maintained at (1:2.5). Organic carbon in soil sample was determined volumetrically by wet oxidation method of Walkley and Black (1934). The organic matter content was calculated by multiplying the percent of organic carbon by 1.72 (van Bemmelen factor). Cation exchange capacity of soil was determined by Na saturation method (Khorshidiet al., 2017). The soil samples were extracted with normal sodium acetate solution at pH 7.0 and all cations were leached out with sodium ions from the soils. The excess sodium ion was then washed out with alcohol. The absorbed sodium ions were extracted with normal ammonium acetate solution. The amount of Na+in the extract was then determined by flame photometer and the results were expressed as me100-1g soil.Total N content in soil was determined by micro-Kjeldahl method. Digestion was made with H2O2, conc. H2SO4and catalyst mixture (K2SO4: CuSO4.5H2O: Se =100:10:1). Nitrogen in the digest was determined by distillation with 40% NaOH followed by titration of the distillate trapped in H3BO3with 0.01N H2SO4 (Mishra et al., 1999). Bray-1 method (Olsen and Sommers, 1982) was followed to determine available P. A portion of 2.5 g of air dried soil sample was taken in a 125 ml conical flask then 20 ml of extracting solution (0.03N NH4F in .025 N HCl was added. It was shaken 5 minutes and filtered through Whatman # 42 filter paper. A portion of 2 ml aliquot was taken into 25 ml test tube. Exactly 6 ml of distilled water and 2 ml of color reagent was added. The color reagent was prepared following Murphy and Relay (1962).Exchangeable K was extracted with NH4OAc (pH 7) solution and the extractable K was determined by flame photometer. Available Zn content of soil was determined by DTPA extraction method as described by Lindsay and Norvell (1978). The concentration of Zn in the extract was measured directly by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Data recorded for different parameters were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the treatment means were compared using the least significant different test.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Crop, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 01(02), 22-27

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.18801/ajcsp.010219.04

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Gypsum application significantly increased Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺of the clay saline soil. The improvement of soil chemical properties in terms of removal Na⁺ salt and reducing EC that caused a significant reduction in soil salinity obtained from gypsum 225 kg ha^-1. A significant improvement in growth and increase in yield of rice were obtained when gypsum was applied into clay saline soil and irrigation was done. Therefore, gypsum is considered as effective treatments to leach the soluble salts for reclamation of clay saline soil and better plant growth, and yield of rice genotypes.

Knowledge Management: Journal