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Research Detail

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U.K. Sarker
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M.R. Uddin
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M.A.R. Sarkar
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M.A. Salam
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

A.K. Hasan
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Yield reduction of rice is a severe problem due to the advent of increasing water scarcity and efficiency is relatively low. Physiological attributes and yield performance of high yielding (HYV) rice cultivars need to be assessed by minimizing water loss. Therefore, a glasshouse experiment was conducted in Bangladesh to investigate the impact of cultivars and water management on growth dynamics, biomass production, and yield and water productivity. Ten HYV boro (dry season irrigated) rice cultivars along with five water management systems were included in the study. The study revealed that cultivars Binadhan-10 had higher value of leaf area index (LAI), root dry weight along with moderate panicle length. Accordingly, the cultivar Binadhan-10 had a higher yield than all other cultivars because of the highest total dry matter (TDM), number of effective tillers hill-1, and number of grains panicle-1. Growth, TDM, and yield were increased with water application up to 8 DAD after which these factors declined with increasing water stress at 10 DAD. The crop grown at CS condition did not increase the yield, rather caused the wastage of irrigation water. The water productivity was the highest (0.252 t ha-1cm-1) in 10 DAD treatments, obviously due to minimum water use but highest yield was observed in 8 DAD because of optimum use of water and non stress condition. Therefore, the present study was useful in the screening of the most efficient cultivars, which could be strongly recommended to rice growers to improve crop yield and reduce the use of water.

  Growth stage, Water stress, Subtropical environment, Physiological Parameters, Rice
  Agronomy Department, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
  00-00-2014
  00-00-2015
  Crop-Soil-Water Management
  Water management, Rice

To assess the influence of water stress as a measure of water saving technique during the subsequent growth period of crop ontogeny and yield.

The experiment was conducted (using pots of 12.5-cm diameter) in a glass house under controlled conditions in the Agronomy Department, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh (latitude: 24°42?55??, longitude: 90°25?47??) during boro (dry) seasons of 2014-15. The experimental site (Mymensingh) is under a humid subtropical monsoon type of climate. The climate is humid subtropical monsoon. The physicochemical properties of the soil before the beginning of the experiment are shown. Treatments consisting of five water management systems namely, continuous saturation (CS), water applications made 4, 6,8, 10 days after disappearance of 4 cm ponded water (DAD) and ten high yielding cultivars of rice viz., BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan29, BRRI dhan47, BRRI dhan50, BRRI dhan59, BRRI dhan60, BRRI dhan61, Binadhan-8, Binadhan-10, and Binadhan-14.The selected cultivars were the most popular and high-yielding ones cultivated during the boro season. The experiment was conducted following completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated thrice. In each replication,50 pots were placed side by side while maintaining 10 to 25 cm between them. The replicates were separated by 1 m. The parentages of the cultivars tested including their import characteristics are presented (Table 2) to determine their adaptability with specific traits.Each pot was filled with 8 kg of soil and placed in the glasshouse of the Department of Agronomy, BAU, Mymensingh. Extra water was applied to bring the soil moisture to a suitable level for of seedlings because the pots were filled with dry soil. Two liters of water were added to saturate the soil. Fertilizer concentrations for pot experiments were applied as 2.7 g, 0.8 g, 1.04 g, 0.9 g, and 0.03 g per pot in the form of Urea, Triple Super Phosphate (TSP), Muriate of Potash (MOP), gypsum, and zinc sulfate, respectively. Whole amounts of fertilizers except Urea were applied during the final pot preparation. One-third of Urea (0.9 g) per pot was applied at 15 days after transplanting (DAT), 40 DAT, and 70 DAT. Forty days old seedlings (previously grown in the seedbed) of the cultivars were trans- planted in the pot on January 12, 2015. There was 4 cm of standing water during transplanting and after disappearance of this ponded water, different water management treatments were applied. In the continuous saturation treatment, water as applied to saturate the soil (without flood), while for the other treatments, each irrigation was applied according to the time interval specified for the treatment. The irrigation was continued up to 15 days before the harvest of the crop. During the growth period, especially in the early stages, sometimes weeds were observed and uprooted by hand. No major insects were noticed except rice hispa during the growth period. The infestation was controlled by applying insecticides (Fenitrothion 50 EC) in each pot at the tillering stage. In the experiment, phenological observations were done weekly. The anthesis date of rice was observed using the decimal code scale anticipated by Zadoks et al. (1974). Anthesis dates were recorded when 50% of the plants reached this periodin each plot. Observations on growth dynamics were made at active tillering (AT), panicle initiation (PI), flowering (FL), and physiological maturity (PM). The parameters to evaluate growth dynamics, such as plant height, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), and net assimilation rate (NAR) were recorded foreachpot through destructive sampling. For each destructive sample, a plant was uprooted and washed with water. The leaf blades were alienated from the leaf sheath and leaf area was measured by a leaf area meter (LI 3100, Licor, Inc., Lincoln NE, USA). Leaf area index was accordingly calculated from leaf area data. After measurement of leaf area, the plant samples were dried in an electric oven at 65°C for 72 hour until they reached at con- stant weight, and their dry weights were recorded. LAI, CGR, RGR, and NAR were calculated following the standard formulae (Radford, 1967; Hunt, 1978). Biomass partitioning in the shape of sheath weight, leaf weight, root weight, and total dry matter was calculated for each water management treatment level for all cultivars. The sheath, leaf, and root dry weight was calculated during AT, PI, FL, and PM by placing the plant samples in the oven at 65°C for 72 h. Total dry matter of the plant was determined by adding shoot dry matter, including leaf blade, leaf sheath, Culm, and panicle (when applicable) and root dry matter.Amount of applied irrigated water was recorded from seedling establishment and continued up to 15 days before harvest. Water productivity of rice was calculated by dividing the total yield with the total amount of water required during entire crop growth period by following formula (Michael, 1978): Water productivity = Where, Y/WR (t ha-1 cm-1); Y = grain yield (t ha-1), WR = total amount of water used (cm); Relative water Content (RWC) was calculated according to Smart and Bingham (1974): RWC = FW - DW/TW - DW x 100; FW= Fresh leaf weight, TW= Turgid leaf weight, DW= Leaf dry weight; For FW, fresh leaf sample was cut into a small disc and then fresh leaf weight was measured; For TW, the leaf sample (disc shaped) was soaked in distilled water for 4hr in the dark and thereafter the turgid leaf weight was measured and For DW, the leaf was dried at 80° C in an electric oven for 24 hr and then weight was taken. Maturity date was identified when 90% of grains had matured. At maturity, the whole plant was cut at the ground level with a sickle. The harvested crop from each pot was bundled separately and tagged appropriately. After recording data for plant height and panicle length for each plant, plant materials were sun dried for grain collection. Finally, grain and straw yield and yield contributing parameters were recorded separately. Data on crop growth, yield components, and yield of rice were compiled and tabulated for statistical analysis. The recorded data on various plant characters were statistically analyzed to find out the significance of variation resulting from the experimental treatments. All the collected data were analyzed following analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique and mean differences were adjudged by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984) using a computer operated program namely MSTAT-C.

  Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 2(4): 247-256 (2017)
  DOI: 10.26832/24566632.2017.020401
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

It is obvious from these results that the cultivar Binadhan-10 with high values of physiological, yield contributing and yield parameters appears to best choice for periodic water stress condition. The cultivar BRRI dhan29 was the next best after Binadhan-10 for cultivation in such condition. The physiological attributes of these two cultivars may be used for breeding a cultivar for a particular environment. On the other hand, AWD had beneficial effects on grain yield compared with CS. Continuous standing water in the rice field, which is a usual practice  in  Bangladesh,  was  not   found   to   give   optimum yield. The highest grain yield was obtained from 8-DAD and greatest water productivity was found with the 10 -DAD treatment. This indicates that water productivity at 10-DAD are more than 8-DAD due to less water requirement but in respect of yield 8 DAD treatment out yielded 10 DAD due to efficient use of water.

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