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Effect of Mulching and Organic Manure on Growth and Yield Performance of Wheat

M.A. AlAmin
Sample Collection Officer
Seed Certification Agency, Kushtia

A.K. Hasan
Associate Professor
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh,

M.H. Ali
Scientific Officer
IWMD, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701

S. Nessa
Lecturer
Department of Zoology, Govt. Edward College, Pabna

M.N. Islam
Scientific Officer
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh in Rabi season (dry season) of 2014 to study the effect of mulching and organic manure on growth and yield performance of wheat. Five mulching practices viz. M₁=1 irrigation at 17-21 days after sowing (DAS), M₂=2 irrigation at 17-21 and 55-60 DAS, M₃=3 irrigation at 17-21, 55-60 and 75-80 DAS, M₄=control, M₅=straw mulch (6 t ha^-1) and five organic manure managements viz. O₁=recommended chemical fertilizer (NPKS @ 100-23-20-16 kg ha^-1), O₂=poultry manure @ 6 t ha^-1 (100% PM), O₃=vermicompost @ 8 t ha^-1 (100% VC), O₄=50% chemical fertilizer+50% VC and O₅=50% chemical fertilizer+50% PM were used as experimental variables. The experiment was conducted in split-plot design with three replications. The results showed that mulching had significant influence on all attributes. The highest values of all attributes were found in straw mulch treatment. It was observed that organic manure had significant influences on all characters. The highest values of yield and yield attributes were found in O₅ (50% chemical fertilizer+50% PM) treatment. It was observed that effective tillers hill^-1, grain yield and straw yield were significantly affected by combined effect of mulching and organic manure. The highest values obtained from mulching and O₅ (50% chemical fertilizer+50% PM) treatment. Therefore, it can be inferred from the results of the study that highest production could be obtained from mulching and O₅ (50% chemical fertilizer+50% PM) treatment.

Keywords: Fertilizer, Harvest index, Irrigation, Poultry manure, Vermicompost, Wheat

Location: Agro-ecological region of the Old Brahmaputra Flood- plain

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Manures

Objectives:

To study the effect of different types of organic manure and mulching on growth and yield performance of wheat (BARI GOM-26).

Methodology:

The experimental site was located at the 24.75°N latitude and 90.50°E longitude at elevation of 18 m above the mean sea level. The soil belongs to the non-calcareous dark grey floodplain under the Agro-ecological region of the Old Brahmaputra Flood- plain, AEZ-9 (UNDP and FAO, 1998). The soil of experimental plot was a medium high land with silty clay loam having pH 6.80. Physical and chemical properties of the soil at 0-15 cm depth have been presented. The experimental site belongs to the subtropical area characterized by heavy rainfall during Kharif season (April to September) and scanty in the Rabi season (October to March) associated with moderately low temperature and plenty of sunshine. The present study was carried out in Rabi season. The following treatments were assigned in a split-plot design with three replications. Main plot: Mulching. M₁ = 1 Irrigation at 17-21 days after sowing (DAS); M₂ = 2 irrigation at 17-21 and 55-60 DAS; M₃ = 3 irrigation at 17-21, 55-60 and 75-80 DAS; M₄ = Control; M₅ = Straw mulch @ 6 t ha^-1. Sub-plot: organic manure; O₁ = recommended chemical fertilizer (NPKS @ 100-23- 20-16 kg ha^-1); O₂ = poultry manure @ 6 t ha^-1 (100% PM); O₃ = vermicompost @ 8 t ha^-1 (100% VC); O₄ = 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% VC; O₅ = 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% PM; The unit plot size was 2.5m×2m. Replication to replication and plot to plot distance was 1.0m and 0.50m, respectively. BARI Gom-26 (variety of wheat) was used as tested crop. Seeds of BARI Gom-26 were sown in the well prepared plots on 19 November 2014. Prior to sowing seeds, the whole experimental area was divided into unit plots maintaining the desired spacing. The unit plot was spaded one day before planting for loosening the soils and incorporating the basal dose of fertilizers. The bunds around individual plots were made firm enough to control water movement between plots. Nitrogen, P, K and S were applied as triple superphosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MoP) and gypsum, respectively. Full dose of TSP, MoP, gypsum, organic manures and one third of urea were applied in each plot at the time of final land preparation and fertilizers and manures were mixed with soil thorough- ly by spading. The rest urea were top dressed in two equal splits, one at crown root initiation stage (20 days after sowing) and the other at booting stage (45 days after sowing). At maturity, the experimental crops (wheat) were harvested plot-wise on 6 March 2015. The harvested crop of each plot was bundled separately tagged properly and brought to the clean threshing floor. The bundles were dried to open sunshine, threshed and then grains were cleaned. The grain and straw yields were taken plot-wise and converted into t ha^-1. The grain and straw yields were recorded after sun drying to the constant weight. Plant height was measured from ground level to the tip to the upper most spikes and was expressed in cm. Tillers which had at least one leaf visible were count- ed. It included both productive and non-bearing tillers. The spikes which had at least one grain were considered as effective tillers. The tillers which had no spikes were regarded as non-effective tillers. Presence of any food materials in the spikelet was considered as grain and total number of grains presented in each spikelet was counted. Number of grains spike^-1 was counted taking ten spikes from the five selected plants of each plot and the average number was recorded. One thousand clean dried grain (14% moisture content) were randomly counted from the seeds obtained from the sample plants and weighted by as electrical balance and was expressed in gram. The grain was measured from 1 m² area in each plot (14% moisture content) and was converted into ton hectare^-1. The sun-dried straw was weighed from the same sample area harvested for grain yield and converted into ton hectare^-1.The collected data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance technique with the help of computer package programmed MSTAT and significance of mean difference was adjudged by Duncan’s Multiple Range test (DMRT) as laid by Gomez and Gomez (1984). Harvest index is the ratio of economic yield to biological yield and was calculated with the following formula. Harvestindex (%) = Grain yield/Grain yield + Straw yield x 100

Source of Information: Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 2(3): 134-140 (2017)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Considering the findings it may be concluded that significant variation existed due to the effects of mulching practices and different organic manure management levels in respect to chlorophyll content, effective tillers hill^-1, number of grains spike^-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index; those were higher in mulching treatment (M₅), whereas those parameters gradually declined with the decrease in moisture level. Poultry manure with chemical fertilizers (O₅) in combination of mulching (M₅) produced the highest grain and straw yield of wheat and it took superior position in all other parameters studied including yield components. Therefore, it may be concluded that poultry manure with chemical fertilizers in combination with mulching be used successfully in an integrated way for the successful cultivation of wheat.

Knowledge Management: Journal