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Growth Performance of Local and Genetically Improved Chicken of Bangladesh

A Akhter
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

SC Das*
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

MS Hasan
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

T Akter
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M Sultana
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

S Faruque
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

MA Rashid
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

B Dey
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

MA Hossain
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

S Akter
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

NN Retee
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted to compare the growth performance among four genotypes of indigenous chicken namely Non-descriptive Native (ND), genetically Improved Native (IN), Hilly (HC) and Naked Neck (NN) of Bangladesh under free-range rearing system. A total of 288 day old chicks (DOC) from four genotypes were divided into four treatments having eight replications of each for a period of 12 weeks under free-range system with supplementation of commercial broiler diet. During first 4 weeks, all chicks were kept together, whereas chicks of ND was brooded in the same room but separated by a partition. At 5 weeks of age chicks were randomly distributed to the selected farmers. Growth parameters were recorded to determine the comparative growth performance among four genotypes of chicken. The highest body weight (1110.76 g/bird) was achieved by HC, followed by IN (900.63 g/bird) and NN (831.13 g/bird) at 12 weeks of age. The lowest body weight (734.13 g/bird) however was found in ND chicken. During the growing period under free range rearing (5-12 weeks), HC group consumed the highest amount of feed (2697.02 g/bird) with an average FCR of 3.06 while the lowest feed consumption (2666.13 g/bird) with the highest FCR of 4.90 was observed in ND. IN consumed (2674.63 g/bird) feed with an average FCR of 3.92 and BLRI improved NN consumed (2668.13 g/bird) feed with an average FCR of 4.19. Live weight gains in all the four genotypes of indigenous chicken were changed almost in a similar pattern. Significant differences were observed in live weight, dressing percentage, breast meat, drumstick, thigh meat among the four genotypes of chicken. The HC was superior to other genotypes of indigenous chicken including ND in terms of growth performance, meat yield characteristics and net returns.

Keywords: Native chicken, Supplementary feeding, Scavenging system, Growth performance

Location: Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

To examine the growth performance and carcass characteristics of Non-descriptive Native (ND), Improved stock of Native Chicken (IN), Hilly Chicken (HC) and Naked Neck (NN) under free range rearing with supplementation of commercial feed.

Methodology:

The total experimental period were spilt out into two phases: first the brooding period (0-4 weeks) where the DOC of three BLRI improved indigenous chicken genotypes were kept together and data were recorded accordingly. DOCs of non-descriptive native were brooded separately. Secondly, after completion of brooding period in confinement, all the experimental birds were distributed to the selected farmers, where birds were kept in scavenging rearing system with a night shelter for the remaining experimental period i.e. 5-12 weeks of age. A total of 288 day old chicks of four chicken genotypes namely Non-descriptive native (ND), Improved stock of Native Chicken (IN), Hilly Chicken (HC) and Naked Neck (NN) were collected from BLRI, Savar, Dhaka and brought them to Nakla upazila under Sherpur district. All the chicks were kept in confined initial 4 weeks for brooding and then they were distributed to the selected farmers. After completion the brooding period, chicks were randomly allocated to four treatments (4 chicken genotypes) having 72 birds in each. Each treatment further divided into eight replications (farmers) i.e. nine birds in each replication (farmer). The enthusiastic farmers who have homestead area for scavenging chicks were selected. Special attention was given to involve rural women in care and management of birds as they are usually more devoted to perform these activities compared to man. To observe the growth performance and other parameters, experiment was conducted for 8 weeks at farmers homestead under scavenging system. Preparation of experimental house, brooding and rearing of chicks An open sided semi gable type house with concrete floor was used for brooding the DOC. The house was partitioned into two rooms, one for BLRI improved chicks (Improved Native, Hilly and Naked Neck) and one for local indigenous chicks. The partitions were made of galvanized wire net, covered by jute cloth. Dayold chicks were individually weighed and legbanded. Chicks were placed under the brooder which were cleaned and disinfected earlier. All feeders, waterers and other necessary equipment were also properly cleaned, washed and disinfected before placement of the experimental chicks. Since the DOCs were brought to the experimental site after a long journey, 5% glucose solution and multivitamins were supplied soon after arrival. The experiment was conducted in winter season. Brooding was performed in traditional system by using 100 watts electric bulbs and then heat was decreased gradually by lifting up the bulbs as per requirement of temperature. Thermohygrometer device was hanged with the brooder at bird’s level to record temperature and relative humidity. After 14 days, the legbands were pulled out from leg and applied to wing. The chicks were brooded and reared up to 4 weeks of age in the brooder house and then distributed to the selected farmers, as described at earlier section. Feeding and watering of the experimental birds Commercial broiler feed purchased from the market was used for the feeding of experimental birds. For initial two weeks, starter feed (CP-20%, ME-3000 Kcal/kg) was supplied, followed by broiler grower (CP-19%, ME-3050 Kcal/kg) up to the end of experimental period (12 weeks). Feed was supplied twice daily; morning and afternoon. Fresh, cool and clean drinking water was made available for all the times. Feeders were cleaned twice in a week whereas drinkers were washed daily. Refusals of feed were measured daily in the morning. During brooding period (0-4weeks) ad-libitum feed were supplied to the chicks in confinement. In morning a total of 50 g feed/bird/day was supplied as supplementary feed to the birds during 5-12 weeks rearing at farmer’s house under free range rearing. Litter management Good litter management is important as because it reduces the volume of ammonia. In Bangladesh, since the ambient temperature and relative humidity become too much high during summer (April to August), low quality litter and its poor management usually increased ammonia emission that may negatively impact on the overall performance of experimental birds. Therefore, necessary care was taken in selection of litter materials and its good management practices while the research trial was conducted. Fresh and dry rice husk was used as a litter material with a depth of about 4 cm. Litter materials were stirred at 7 days interval, or even more frequently, if necessary. New rice husk was also added with the previous litter when necessary. Fresh and dry rice husk was used as litter materials. When the birds were brought to farmer’s house, litter materials were stirred at 7 days interval or even more frequently, if necessary. New rice husk was also added with the previous litter when necessary. Vaccination Routine vaccinations which are generally practiced for indigenous chicken up to 12 weeks of age were performed. In order to prevent New Castle disease, BCRDV (Baby Chick Ranikhet Disease Vaccine) was administered through intra ocular route at 3 days and 17 days of age as boosting dose followed by RDV (Ranikhet Disease Vaccine) at 60 days. Fowl pox vaccine was administered at 35 days of age. Data collection, record keeping and statistical analysis Data on weekly live weight and weight gain were recorded up to 12 weeks of age. Survivability was calculated based on the total number of dead birds recorded in each treatment group. Weekly feed consumption data was recorded and the efficiency of feed utilization was calculated based on the total feed consumption and weekly average body weight gain. Data recorded during the experimental period were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM) procedures of SAS Institute (SAS, 2002) with p<0.01 or p<0.05 level of significance. All data were analyzed in completely randomized design. The Duncan’s Least Significance Difference test was used to determine significant difference among treatment groups for various parameters considered in the experiment.

Source of Information: Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (2):76-84

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Out of four indigenous chicken genotypes, the BLRI improved Hilly showed better result in terms of body weight, efficiency of feed utilization and among the carcass traits yield studied. Economic returns on the cost of production were also better in Hilly chicken compared against all other three genotypes.

Knowledge Management: Journal