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Evaluation of Anthelmintic Efficacy of Ivermectin, Levamisole Hcl and Albendazole Administered Through Different Routes Against Naturally Occuring Gastrointestinal Nematodiasis in Black Bengal Goat Inducing Hematological Parameters and Live Weight Indices

M Aktaruzzaman
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100.

MS Islam
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100.

MMI Hasan
Department of Physiology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100.

MJU Bhuiyan
Department of Parasitology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100.

MM Hossain
Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100.

MK Hossain
Department of Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

NS Lucky
Department of Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

MMR Howlader
Department of Physiology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin, levamisole HCl and albendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected goats of government goat development farm, Sylhet, Bangladesh. The study included 52 black Bengal breed of which 30 were naturally infected and randomly selected 20 on the basis of their weight and egg count. Twenty black Bengal goats of 12-13 month old irrespective of sex infested with gastrointestinal nematodes were selected for this experiment and randomly divided into four equal groups (group A, B, C and D) where each group consisted of 5 goats and goats of group D were kept as control group. One injectable ivermectin (200?gkg-1 body weight, S/C) preparations (Techno Drugs Ltd. Bangladesh) and two solid levamisole HCl, albendazole (7.5 mgkg-1 body weight, orally) preparations (The ACME Laboratories Ltd. and Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Bangladesh) were used for positive control of gastrointestinal nematodes as group A, B and C. Goats of group D was kept as control without giving any treatment. Before trials (day 0), total egg count, blood samples and initial body weight were recorded. During the study period the fecal and blood samples were collected directly from rectum and examined on 7^th, 14^th, 21^st and 28^th day using McMaster fecal egg counting method. Body weight was recorded on day 28 following the treatments. The results of the comparative efficacies of different anthelmintic of ivermectin was 86.75%, followed by levamisole HCl 85.07% and albendazole 92.81%. McMaster fecal egg counting method discloses the percentage of Haemonchus spp. (15.38%), with Trichostrongylus spp, Strongyloides spp., and Cooperia spp. also present. After treatment with ivermectin, levamisole HCl and albendazole, Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Hemoglobin (Hb) content and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were increased significantly (p<0.01 and p>0.05) in goats but Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) were decreased significantly (p<0.05 and p>0.01) in all treated goat and body weight was increased significantly (p<0.01) on day 28.

Keywords: Efficacy, Anthelmintics, EPG, Hematology, Body weight, Gastrointestinal nematodes, Goats

Location: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet and Government Goat Development farm, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-07-2010

End Date: 00-12-2010

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

To evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin, levamisole HCl and albendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected goats of government goat development farm, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet and Government Goat Development farm, Sylhet, Bangladesh was selected for this study. The research was carried out during the period of July to December, 2010. The following procedures were adopted for performing the experiment. Twenty goats of 12-13 months old are selected within the randomly sampling goats which were severely infected with gastrointestinal nematodiasis irrespective of the species of parasites involved. These twenty goats were randomly divided into four groups each comprising of five goats and marked as A, B, C and D. Weekly EPG (eggs per gram) count was done on day 7^th, 14^th, 21^st and 28^th post treatment by McMaster egg counting technique. McMaster fecal egg count method described by ^[15] was used. With sterile syringe and needle maintaining aseptic condition, 5 ml of blood sample was collected from jugular vein of each goat and kept in vials containing anticoagulant (sodium- EDTA) and this was done on day of 0, 7^th, 14^th, 21^st and 28^th during experimental period. Blood and fecal samples were collected from each goat and after prescribing a proper identification tag it and were immediately brought to the Physiology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Sylhet, Bangladesh for fecal examination. The hematological parameters were examined in the laboratory of the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sylhet, Bangladesh. Live weight gain of each group on recorded on day 0 and 28 using digital weight balance. Goats of group A were treated with Vermic injection (Ivermectin 1%, Techno drugs Ltd. Bangladesh) subcutaneously at the dose rate of 200µg kg^-1 body weight, group B were treated with tablet Levavet (Levamisole HCl, The ACME Laboratories Ltd, Bangladesh) orally at the dose rate of 7.5 mg kg^-1 body weight, group C were treated with tablet Almex-Vet (Albendazole, Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bangladesh) orally at the dose rate of 7.5 mg kg^-1 body weight and goats of group D served as untreated control. All the goats of treated and control groups were closely observed for 28 days after treatment. The fecal samples were collected from the treated and control groups of goats on 7^th, 14^th, 21^st and 28^th day of treatment to investigate the fecal egg count. The blood samples were collected from the treated and untreated control groups on the day ‘28’ of treatment and hematological parameters TEC, Hb, PCV, ESR and TLC were determined as per method by ^[6]. All the data were statistically analyzed by the computer using statistical package programmed MSTAT-C developed by ^[43] and following the standard methods by ^[51]. A one way ANOVA method was made by F variance test. The eggs of parasites were identified on the basis of morphological characteristics as described by ^[52] and then counted.

Source of Information: International Journal of Natural Sciences (2015), 5(1) 26-34

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v5i1.28608

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings of the present study reveal that Haemonchus spp, Trichostrongylus spp, Cooperia spp, Oesophagostomum spp, Trichuris spp, Strongyloides spp and mixed infections are prevalent in Bangladesh. Ivermectin (Vermic, injectable formulation), Levamisole (Levavet) and Albendazole (Almex-Vet) are effective for the reduction of EPG (eggs per gram) of gastrointestinal nematodes. This study indicated that Almex-Vet (Albendazole) are highly effective on egg count EPG (eggs per gram) and hematological parameters (TEC, Hb, PCV, ESR and TLC) in gastrointestinal nematodiasis in goats than that of Vermic (injectable Ivermectin) and Levavet (Levamisole HCl) during the experiment. These three anthelmintics have wide therapeutic index and are capable of killing or inhibiting egg production of gastrointestinal nematodes. The infection in goat. Further studies are required to clarify the efficacy of the anthelmintics widely used in different agro ecologies, animal species and livestock management systems in Bangladesh. From these research findings the veterinarian may use the specific anthelmintics for gastrointestinal nematodiasis in goats. Further studies on anthelmintics pharmacokinetic and toxicity would be helpful.

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