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Morphological Features and Yield Evaluation of Onion (allium Cepa L.) Genotypes in Acid Soil

Alpona Roy
Department of Crop Botany and Tea Production Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, 3100 Sylhet, Bangladesh

A.F.M. Saiful Islam
Department of Crop Botany and Tea Production Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, 3100 Sylhet, Bangladesh

Rehenuma Tabassum
Department of Crop Botany and Tea Production Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, 3100 Sylhet, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted to study the morphological and yield characters with 5 genotypes of onion viz., Big Bombay, Special Bombay, Choto Bombay (control), Uz^-1 and Uz^-2 at the study farm of Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh from November, 2013 to July, 2014 with a view to select the suitable genotypes based on higher yielding abilities in acidic soil condition. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Results revealed that the genotype Uz^-2 were produced the highest bulb yield (5.85 t ha G¹) followed by Special Bombay onion (4.87 t ha G¹) and Uz^-1 (3.92 t ha G¹), while the lowest was found in Choto Bombay onion constituted the amount only 2.21 t ha G¹. These high yields were obtained due the highest yield contributing characteristics present among the onion genotypes. The genotype Uz^-2 also produced the highest yield contributing characteristics like bulb fresh weight (45.56 g), leaf sheath diameter (1.55 cm) and bulb diameter (4.80 cm) while Special Bombay onion produced the highest bulb length (5.32 cm), bulb dry weight (9.2 g), leaf sheath length (5.1 cm), leaf sheath dry weight (1.9 g) and leaf blade dry weight (2.24 g). Similarly, the genotype Uz^-1 produced the third highest bulb yield but obtained the maximum leaf blade diameter (1.17 cm), leaf blade length (85 cm) and fresh weight of leaf blade (53.25 g). The study finding will help for further study in onion crop to find out the genotypic effect which is suitable for acidic soil environment. Considering yield and yield contributing characters, the genotype Uz^-2 can be selected as the best genotype for growing in acidic soil at Sylhet region of Bangladesh. Therefore, the findings of the present study will help the breeders for further yield improvement of onion in acid soil.

Keywords: Genotypes, Acidic soil, Morphology, Onion, Evaluation, Growth

Location: Department of Crop Botany and Tea Production Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2013

End Date: 00-04-2014

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Onion

Objectives:

To observe the suitable genotypes having better growth and morphological characteristics on acidic soil condition in Sylhet region of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the experimental field of the Department of Crop Botany and Tea Production Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh during November, 2013 to April, 2014 to evaluate the morphological attributes and yield performance of 5 genotypes of onion in acidic soil. The climate and soil of the selected plot was under subtropical climate having heavy rainfall during April-September (Kharif season) and scanty rainfall during October-March (Rabi season), high land type, well drained and non-calcareous grey flood plain fertile soils of acidic nature. The soil pH, nutrient status of the soil, monthly air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and sunshine hours are presented. Five genotypes of onion were used as experimental materials. Among them 3 genotypes namely Choto Bombay onion, Special Bombay onion and Big Bombay onion were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh and rest two genotypes viz., Uzbekistan-1 and Uzbekistan-2 were collected from Uzbekistan. The genotype Choto Bombay onion was used as a control variety. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Bock Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The size of experimental plot was 3.4×0.7 m. Planting distance between the rows were 15 cm and plants were 12 cm. Seeds were randomly spread out on the seedbed on 11 November, 2013. Then the seeds were covered with soil by hand. Seedling of onion genotypes were transplanted from seedbed to the experimental field on 10 December, 2013. The plot were fertilized with a general dose of urea, Triple Super Phosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MOP) as sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied at 110, 130 and 80 kg haG¹, respectively. Final harvesting of the crop was done on 28 April, 2014 when they attained edible stage. Morphological and yield attributes parameters viz., leaf sheath length (cm), leaf sheath diameter (cm), leaf blade length (cm), leaf blade diameter (cm), bulb length (cm), bulb diameter (cm) were recorded with sampling of 8 plants per plot starting from 70 Days after Planting (DAS) to the final harvest with 15 days interval. After sampling the plant, the plant parts were separated into leaves, bulbs and roots and recorded the corresponding fresh weight and dry weight in micro-oven at 80±2 EC for 72 h and calculated the morphological growth parameters like leaf sheath fresh weight per plant (g), leaf sheath dry weight per plant (g), leaf blade fresh weight per plant(g), leaf blade dry weight per plant(g), bulb fresh weight per plant (g), bulb dry weight per plant (g), root fresh weight per plant (g), root dry weight per plant (g). Yields were calculated in kilogram per hectare for all genotypes. The collected data were analyzed statistically and the mean differences were separated with Duncan?s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance using the statistical computer package program, MSTATC.

Source of Information: Int. J. Plant Breed. Genet., 10 (3): 116-124, 2016

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/ijpbg.2016.116.124

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It can be concluded that the onion genotypes can be easily differentiated from one another due to their distinctive morphological characters and their yield performance under acid soil conditions in Sylhet region of Bangladesh. The genotype Uz-2 showed the highest performance among the genotypes and selected as the best genotype for acid soil conditions due to its yield and yield contributing characters. The present study, results will little bit help for further research in onion crop, where genotypic effects will be measured in acid soil environment. Further investigation should be needed in different agro-ecological climates of Bangladesh in order to confirm the present findings.

Knowledge Management: Journal