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Effect of Energy and Protein Supplementation on Growth and Nutrient Requirement Estimation in Crossbred Bull Calf

M N Akhter
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M R Islam
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M R Habib
Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M H Rashid
Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Z H Khandaker*
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of supplying different levels of energy and protein on the growth performance and nutrient requirements estimation in crossbred bull calves. Feeding trial was conducted for 60 days with 12 numbers of crossbred bull calves. The animals were divided into four groups i.e. T0, T1, T2 and T3. Four levels of metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible crude protein (DCP) were supplied respectively in four dietary groups, T0=17.4 MJ/d and 85 g/d as maintenance ration, T1=19.22 MJ/d and 188 g/d for 200 g/d targeted BWG, T2=21.29 MJ/d and 243 g/d for 400g/d targeted BWG, T3=23.37 MJ/d and 255 g/d for 600g/d targeted BWG. A positively correlation of BWG with uptake of nutrients (energy and protein) and feed conversion efficiency of different dietary groups was observed. Results revealed that the average daily body weight gain (BWG) in T1 (200 g/d) fulfills against the targeted BWG 200 g/d, T2 maintaining BWG 327 g/d against the targeted BWG 400 g/d and T3 maintaining BWG 422 g/d against the targeted BWG 600 g/d. Considering the growth response of crossbred bull calves it is evident that T1 is better than other dietary groups. Again, estimated ME requirement for maintenance was 16.14 MJ/d and for each kg BWG/d requires ME was 14.69 MJ for 100 kg body weight of crossbred bull calves. The maintenance requirement of DCP was 60.65 g/d and for each kg BWG/d requires DCP was 0.56 g for 100 kg body weight of crossbred bull calves.

Keywords: Energy, Protein, Body weight gain, Feed conversion efficiency, Nutrient requirement

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm (BAUDF), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 01-06-2015

End Date: 29-07-2015

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Calf

Objectives:

To know the effects of supplying different levels of energy and protein on growth performance, nutrient intake and digestibility in crossbred bull calves. Also, protein and energy requirements estimated for maintenance and growth of crossbred bull calves.

Methodology:

Site and duration of the experiment The entire experiment encompasses with two sections like bull calves feeding trial and laboratory analysis. The bull calves feeding trial was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm (BAUDF), Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The laboratory analysis for chemical composition of feed and feces were done at Animal Nutrition Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh. This experiment was carried out for a period of 60 days from June 1 to July 29, 2015. Animals and diets Twelve healthy male crossbred (Indigenous × 50% Holstein-Friesian) bull calves were selected for this study and grouped into three blocks such as A, B, and C based on their body weight. The four dietary treatments like T0 (maintenance ration), T1, T2 and T3 were randomly distributed in each block. Each group consisted of 3 bull calves. The bull calves were kept individually in a well ventilated "face out stanchion barn” and allow sufficient space to keep them comfortable. The bull calves were dewormed previously by broad spectrum anthelmintic (A-Mectin plus vet injection, The ACME Laboratories Limited, Veterinary Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh). The study was conducted using roughages: rice straw (Oryza sativa), green grass [Para grass (Brachiariamutica)], Germangrass [(Echinochloa crus-galli) = 50:50] and concentrate. The maintenance diet (T0) consisted rice straw and green grass. The other diets like T1 to T3 contained various rates of concentrates. Four levels of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible crude protein (DCP) were supplied respectively in T0: 17.4 MJ/d and 85 g/d as maintenance ration; T1: 19.22 MJ/d and 188 g/d for 200 g/d targeted BWG; T2: 21.29 MJ/d and 243 g/d for 400g/d targeted BWG and T3: 23.37 MJ/d and 255 g/d for 600g/d targeted BWG. The requirements of ME and DCP were calculated according to MAFF (1984) and AFRC (1993). Based on the intake during the pre-trial period, 3% (of the body weight) DM was offered to each bull calves. Roughage and concentrate mixture were fed separately two times daily i.e. 7.00 AM and 4.00 PM. Measurement of dry matter intake and growth performance Daily DM intake (kg) was estimated from the feed supplied and orts. Body weight (kg), height at withers (cm), body length (cm), and heart girth (cm) of heifers were measured by using a weighing balance (Zhunsheng scale, Motor carbrand, China), measuring wooden scale and measuring tape, respectively. Digestibility trial A conventional digestion trial was conducted for a period of 7 days at the end of experimental period to find out the digestibility of proximate components of diets. Amount of feed supply, refusal amount of feed and voided faeces were recorded daily. Then representative parts of feed and faeces samples were subjected to chemical analysis. Digestibility was calculated using the following formula: % Digestibility = (Intake-Outgo/Intake) x 100
Chemical composition was determined according to the method described in AOAC (2000) and DCP and ME were determined by method of Satter and Roffler (1976). Statistical analysis Data was analyzed using SAS (2007) software version 6.1.3 statistical computer program in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) to compute Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Finally, requirement of protein and energy for maintenance and growth were calculated by means of regression method.

Source of Information: Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (3): 179-187

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results indicated that T1 group achieves targeted body weight gain in crossbred bull calves than other dietary groups. Hence, it may be concluded that supplying of 19.22 MJ/d metabolizable energy and 188 g/d digestible crude protein in diet would give a better performance in fattening of crossbred bull calves. Again, estimated metabolizable energy and digestible crude protein requirement for maintenance was 16.14 MJ/d and 60.65 g/d, respectively.

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