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Water Quality Assessment of Mirpur Thana of Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Mehtaz Mozaffor Lipsi
Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

M. Saiful Islam
Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

M. Qumrul Hassan
Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The research work was carried out to evaluate the quality and suitability of surface and groundwater of Mirpur thana of Dhaka city for drinking purpose. Water samples were collected during winter (January), pre-monsoon (May) and monsoon (June) periods of the year 2014. Groundwater samples were collected from Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) deep wells and some private wells whereas surface water samples were collected from Turag River which is situated beside the study area. Several physical parameters like pH, Eh, EC, temperature, hardness and TDS were measured for both surface water and groundwater. Concentration of some major cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺), major anions (HCO₃^-, Cl-, SO₄^-,NO₃^-) and some trace elements (Fe and Mn) were determined. Hydrochemical study reveals that the overall drinking water quality of the area is good. But Iron, Manganese and Nitrate concentration of some water samples exceed the drinking water standard limits of World Health Organization and Department of Environment, Bangladesh. Higher nitrate concentration was observed in the wells which are less than 360ft deep. The study shows that all the sampled groundwater of the study area are of Ca-Mg-HCO₃ and Ca-Cl type. On the other hand, river water quality is poor and polluted as they are marked by high electrical conductance (EC) and all the waters except those collected during monsoon period are of Na-Cl type. During monsoon period, EC values decrease significantly mainly due to higher precipitation which change the water to Ca-Mg-HCO₃ type. It is urgently required to undertake comprehensive measures and holistic approaches to save the surface water from pollution and to lessen the dependency on groundwater.

Keywords: Drinking water, Water quality, Surface water, Groundwater

Location: Pallabithana on the North, Mohammadpurthana and Tejgaonthana on the South, Kafrul and Pallabithana on the East and Turag river on the West.

Start Date: 00-01-2014

End Date: 00-05-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

To determine the drinking water quality of both surface and groundwater of Mirpur area.

Methodology:

Mirpur lies between 23°30”N to 23°46'N latitude and 90°20'E to 90°23'E longitude. It occupied approximately 53.6 sq. km area which is bounded by Pallabi thana on the North, Mohammadpur thana and Tejgaon thana on the South, Kafrul and Pallabi thana on the East and Turag river on the West. The field work was performed in three periods: January, May and June in 2014. A total of 24 water samples was collected for laboratory analysis. Among them 18 samples belong to DWASA deep wells, 5 samples from private wells and 3 samples from Turag River. This is to be noted that 2 river water and one private well sample were not possible to collect in January. Two 125 ml poly ethylene bottles were used for each sampling. One bottle of sample was acidified using concentrated HNO3 to lower pH value to avoid precipitation of the dissolved cations from the samples and the other was un-acidified and used to analyze for anions. During sampling, 0.45 µm membrane filter was used to filter groundwater samples in order to remove unwanted particles from the water samples. Relevant site information including location, well type, and well condition etc. were recorded during sampling. The concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+ and Mn2+ were determined by using sensAA GBC Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Titration methods were followed for measuring HCO3- and Cl- concentrations. Concentration of SO₄ and NO₃ were determined by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (T60 PG, wavelength 410nm). All types of data were organized The field work was performed in three periods: January, May and June in 2014. A total of 24 water samples was collected for laboratory analysis. Among them 18 samples belong to DWASA deep wells, 5 samples from private wells and 3 samples from Turag River. This is to be noted that 2 river water and one private well sample were not possible to collect in January. Sample point locations of the study area have been shown in Figure2. Two 125 ml poly ethylene bottles were used for each sampling. One bottle of sample was acidified using concentrated HNO3 to lower pH value to avoid precipitation of the dissolved cations from the samples and the other was un-acidified and used to analyze for anions. During sampling, 0.45 µm membrane filter was used to filter groundwater samples in order to remove unwanted particles from the water samples. Relevant site information including location, well type, and well condition etc. were recorded during sampling. The concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca₂+, Mg₂+, Fe₂+ and Mn₂+ were determined by using sensAA GBC Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Titration methods were followed for measuring HCO₃- and Cl- concentrations. Concentration of SO4 and NO3 were determined by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (T60 PG, wavelength 410nm). All types of data were organized. Map showing the sampling locations of the study area. and processed to prepare the diagram for visual presentation using different soft wares. Various graphical presentation were prepared directly using Microsoft Excel program. ArcMap 10 was used to represent the location maps and to prepare contour maps.

Source of Information: Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 4, December 2015

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It may be concluded from the studies that overall drinking water quality of DTW is good, but concentrations of some elements like iron, manganese and nitrate need to be monitored strictly. Quality of DTW water remains unchanged during the time of precipitation. Some DTW water may be affected by anthropogenic activities. Surface water quality is poor and it is not suitable for drinking and domestic use. But during rainy period, it showed a remarkable change in quality and turned to soft water. Hence, proper protective measures and water treatment programs should be undertaken to use surface water as an alternative option for pure water. STW is mainly located near the river periphery in the area and water quality of STW is good although anthropogenic activities are affecting this source.

Knowledge Management: Journal