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Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern Against E. Coli and Salmonella in Layer Poultry

Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh

Khaled Bin Amin
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh

Md. Ahaduzzaman
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong–4225, Bangladesh

Mahabub Alam
Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong–4225, Bangladesh

Md. Shohel Al Faruk
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh

Inkeyas Uddin
Poultry Research and Training centre, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong–4225, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

E. coli and Salmonella are leading cause of illness in layer farms. The emergence of antimicrobial–resistant E. coli and Salmonella are associated with the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry farming. The present study aimed at determination of antimicrobial resistance pattern of E. coli and Salmonella strains isolated from commercial layer from different layer farms under Chittagong district of Bangladesh, during the period of September to December, 2012. Isolation and identification of E. coli and Salmonella were done by using standard methods. A total of 13 isolates of E. coli and 8 isolates of Salmonella were studied. Isolated E. coli and Salmonella were tested for resistance to 10 different antimicrobial agents, using disc diffusion method. The E. coli were found 100% resistant to Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin and Pefloxacin followed by Amoxicillin (84.62%), Kanamycin (69.24%), Colistin (63.75%), Doxycycline (53.75%) and Neomycin (23.08%). Conversely, E. coli isolates show high sensitivity to Gentamicin (100%) and Neomycin (76.92%). Among the Salmonella isolates, 100% were found resistant to Amoxicillin and Tetracycline followed by Enrofloxacin (87.5%), Ciprofloxacin (87.5%), Pefloxacin (87.5%), Doxycycline (50%), Colistin (50%) and Kanamycin (50%). Salmonella isolates showed high sensitivity (100%) to Gentamicin and Neomycin. All of the isolates showed multiple antimicrobial resistances. Rational use of antibiotics need to be adopt in commercial poultry farming system of Bangladesh to prevent the emergence of drug resistance E. coli and Salmonella. Moreover, Gentamicin might be the drug of choice for both avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, E. coli, Layer poultry, Resistance, Salmonella

Location: PRTC laboratory, Chittagong

Start Date: 00-09-2012

End Date: 00-12-2012

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Poultry

Objectives:

The present study was targeted to isolate the E. coli and Salmonella strain from poultry sample and determine the antibiotic resistance patterns against E. coli and Salmonella.

Methodology:

The study was conducted on layer poultry at Chittagong District, which is one of the most concentrated poultry areas of Bangladesh, during the period of September to December, 2012. A total of 30 dead birds from different layer farms of Chittagong were subjected to postmortem during the study period at PRTC laboratory, Chittagong. Diagnosis of Disease Diagnosis of disease was made on the basis of post mortem examination and standard microbiological examination, using standard methods for bacterial isolation and identification described by OIE (2000). The liver and spleen sample was collected aseptically and used for microbiological test. Isolation and identification of bacteria were done by using the method described by Collins and Lyne (1976). Culturing on various selective media, examination of colony characteristics, observation of the organisms under microscope and various biochemical tests were done to isolation and identification of E. coli and Salmonella organisms. For Suspected cases of Colibacillosis, after collections of samples were inoculated into peptone broth for primary enrichment, then incubate the broth 24 hours at 37°C and from broth streaked on MacConkey Agar and Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar plate. The plate was incubated at 37°C examined after 24 hours for growth and change in the color of the medium. After overnight incubation the bacterial growth was observed as large pink colonies at MacConkey and mid night blue metallic sheen colonies at EMB agar. Both lactose fermenting and non lactose fermenting colonies were found. Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum both the organisms will grow on differential plating media such as MacConkey and SS Agar. It has been shown that Salmonella pullorum occasionally fails to grow on certain selective media such as Briliant Green agar or Salmonella–Shigella agar but grows satisfactorily on Bismuth Sulfite and McConkey agars (Carlson et al., 1974). Confirmation of Salmonella was done by culturing on selective media such as Xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) Agar and Brilliant Green Agar (BGA) Agar and observation of colony characteristics such as black centered pale pink colony and red–pink–white opaque colored colonies surrounded by brilliant red zones, respectively. For confirmation of E. coli and Salmonella various biochemical tests were done for confirmation of the isolates as described by Cruickshank et al. (1995). The antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated strain at different concentration was performed by using standard paper disc diffusion method described by NCCLS, (2009). The following antibiotics and disc potencies were used: GEN: Gentamicin (10μg), DO: Doxycycline (30μg), CIP: Ciprofloxacin (5μg), ENR: Enrofloxacin (5μg), AMC: Amoxicillin (10μg), N: Norfloxacin (10μg), CL: Colistin (10μg), TE: Tetracycline (30μg), Pf: Pefloxacin (10μg), K: Kanamycin (30µg) from HIMEDIA Ltd (Mombai, India). Data obtained was imported to the Microsoft Office Excel– 2007 and transferred to the software STATA/IC–11 for analysis. Descriptive statistics was done by using the STATA/IC–11 software and expressed as percentages of different variables like resistance, intermediate and sensitivity pattern of antimicrobials.

Source of Information: Research Journal for Veterinary Practitioners 2 (2): 30 – 35- January -2014

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/journal/13

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The high prevalence of multidrug–resistant E. coli and Salmonella in layer poultry reflects a reservoir of resistance in birds that can be transmitted to humans. If these resistance organisms to antimicrobial persist, there will be a great problem of antimicrobial choice in near future. Proper efforts should be needed to reduce the prevalence of resistant E. coli and Salmonella in layer farms, including the adoption of guidelines for the prudent use of antimicrobial agents in animals used for food.

Knowledge Management: Journal