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Morpho-molecular Screening of Wheat Genotypes for Heat Tolerance

Nihar Ranjan Saha
Former MS student
Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Dr. Md. Tariqul Islam
Principal Scientific Officer and Head
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Dr. Md. Monirul Islam
Senior Scientific Officer
Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Dr. Md. Shahidul Haque
Professor
Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Wheat (Triticum aesum L.) production in Bangladesh is often impaired by heat stress. Therefore, it has been a priority to develop heat tolerant wheat variety for Bangladesh. An investigation was carried out to evaluate locally cultivated wheat genotypes for heat tolerance based on morpho-physiological and molecular markers. A pot experiment was carried out with ten locally cultivated wheat genotypes. Heat treatment was imposed, 5 days after anthesis, in a plant growth chamber at 350C and 70% RH for 3 days. The heat stress affected all the yield contributing characters and ultimately led to a reduction in grain yield. BARI gom-29, BARI gom-28 emerged as heat tolerant variety on the basis of susceptibility index and tolerance efficiency. While, Shatabdi, BARI gom-23, BARI gom-26 and BARI gom-24 were heat susceptible. Twenty six wheat genotypes were screened for heat tolerance through seven linked SSR markers that generated 44 alleles among the 26 wheat genotypes with an average of 6.28 alleles per locus. Overall polymorphism information content (PIC) and Nei's gene diversity were 0.68 and 0.72, respectively. Similarly indices based unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis separated 26 genotypes into five different clusters. Two morphologically identified tolerant genotypes namely BARI gom-29, BARI gom-30 and one moderate genotype BARI gom-22 were grouped in cluster 2. Therefore, these three varieties can be suitable for cultivation in the north-western part of Bangladesh as heat tolerant cultivars.

Keywords: Diversity, Heat tolerance efficiency, Heat susceptibility index, SSR marker

Location: BINA, Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-11-2017

End Date: 31-03-2018

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To find heat tolerance of wheat genotypes based on morpho-physiological traits and molecular markers

Methodology:

Ten wheat genotypes for morphological screening were selected on the basis of their performance in the experiments of a preliminary screening in the previous year. The morpholocal screening experiment was carried out at the net house, Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the period from November 2017 to March 2018. The molecular experiment was carried out at the Molecular Biology Laboratory; Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Each pot contained 10 kg of soil. On 20^th November, 2017 seeds were sown. Recommended fertilizers and cultural practices were followed. The experiment was conducted in CRD design with three replications. After 5 days of anthesis, a set of pots were subjected to heat treatment in the plant growth chamber (VS-91G09M-1300C). All of 10 varieties were kept in plant growth chamber for 3 days at 300C with 70% RH. Morpho-physiolocal parameters were recorded from three plants of each pot. Leaf chloropyll content was recorded by using a portable chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502, Minolta, Japan). Harvest index (HI%), Heat tolerance efficiency (HTE%) and Heat susceptibility index were calculated. Twenty six wheat genotypes were used in molecular screening for drought and heat tolerance and these varieties were characterized by thirteen and seven SSR markers associated with drought and heat tolerance respectively. A total of 73 and 44 alleles were detected among the 26 wheat genotypes with average of 5.62 and 6.28 alleles per locus for drought and heat related SSR marker respectively. Overall polymorphism information content (PIC) and Nei’s gene diversity, 0.69 and 0.73 for drought as well as 0.68 and 0.72 for heat experiment, respectively. Similarity indices based cluster analysis separated 26 genotypes into different clusters.

Source of Information: Afr. J. Biotechnol. 19(2): 71-83. 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJB/article-abstract/5451C8162859

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of molecular and physiological characterization were taken under consideration simultaneously. It was observed that the genotypes showed nearly distinct arrangement according to their performance in physiological characterization. Although the genotypes included in the phenotypic study have been known to be heat tolerant, our experiment revealed that three of them were tolerant, three were moderately tolerant and rest were susceptible. The marker assisted study revealed a discrimination of the 26 genotypes into 5 clusters. Two tolerant genotypes namely BARI gom-29 and BARI gom-30 and one moderate genotype BAR gom-22 were in cluster-2. As these three genotypes were found to be tolerant both in morphological and molecular studies of successive two years they can be recommended for cultivation in the north-western part of Bangladesh as heat tolerant variety.

Knowledge Management: Journal