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Quantitative Assessment of Water Contaminants in the Rupsha River of Khulna Region for Irrigation Usage

M. K. Hossain
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M. M. Rahman*
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

S. Hoque
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Water samples were collected from the Rupsha river of Khulna region to determine ionic contamination for irrigation purpose. The chemical analyses included pH, EC, TDS and ions. pH values of water samples were slightly alkaline in nature. Samples were rated as fresh water based on TDS values. Samples were high salinity and low alkalinity hazards expressing C3S1. Regarding SAR and SSP values, samples were excellent and good classes, respectively. Samples were free from RSC and were very hard class. Regarding PI values, samples were under class-II implying 75% maximum soil permeability. Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Ni, Zn, HCO₃, SO₄ and PO₄ levels in samples were within safe limit. Cd, Cr and Cl ions in water samples were above the permissible limit and were treated as water contaminants for irrigation. From the present findings, it is noted that the detected ions as water contaminants should be considered for irrigation usage toward food safety.

Keywords: Food safety, Irrigation, Rupsha River, Water contaminants

Location: Rupsha river of Khulna region

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Contamination

Objectives:

This study was performed to evaluate the degree of ionic contamination present in the Rupsha river water used for irrigation.

Methodology:

Water sampling site In Khulna region, the Rupsha river was selected on the basis of intensity of water contamination caused by discharge of untreated industrial effluents. Twenty water samples were collected from crop fields irrigated with the contaminated water of the Rupsha river. The exact location of each sampling point was determined using GPS. Accordingly, the entire sampling sites was confined between the longitude 89°34'28.5"and 89°35'15.8" East and the latitude 22°46'56.8"and 22°49'57.7" North. Water sampling technique Water samples were collected from 0.50 m below water surface maintaining a reasonable distance from the river bank. Water samples were collected from each location in 500 mL plastic bottles. Each bottle were previously cleaned with dilute HCl (1:1) and then washed with distilled water. All bottles were rinsed 3 to 4 times before sampling with water to be sampled. For metal analysis, the collected water samples were acidified (pH<2) with HNO₃ to prevent the loss of metal following the sampling technique of APHA (2012). All plastic bottles were sealed tightly and transferred to the Postgraduate Research Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh for chemical analysis. The samples were kept in a clean, cool and dry place. River water samples were filtered through filter papers (Whatman No. 1 and 42) to remove undesirable solids and suspended materials before commencing the chemical analysis. Water analysis pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) values of water samples were measured electrometrically as outlined by Gupta (2013). The concentrations of Ca and Mg ions in water samples were estimated by EDTA titrimetric method (Tandon, 2013). The contents of K and Na ions in samples were determined by flame photometric method while the levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn ions in water samples were analyzed directly by atomic absorption spectrometric method as described by APHA (2012). Titrimetric methods were used to determine the amounts of Cl, CO₃ and HCO₃ ions from water samples (Gupta et al., 2012; Tandon, 2013). The concentration of PO₄ ion in river water samples was determined by spectrophotometric method (APHA, 2012) and SO₄ ion content in samples was determined by turbidimertic method (Tandon, 2013).

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 11(1&2):145-151, 2018 ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Considering all the criteria, it is concluded that among the detected ions under investigation, Cd, Cr and Cl ions were above the permissible limit for long-term irrigation and these ions were treated as water contaminants in river water samples leading to create toxicity of soils and crops. From the present findings, it is noted that the detected ions as water contaminants should be considered for long-term irrigation purpose towards food safety.

Knowledge Management: Journal