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Isolation of Multidrug Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria from Common Flies in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Anowar Khasru Parvez
Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh

Mahfuza Marzan
Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh

Fahima Khatun
Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh

Md. Firoz Ahmed
Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh

Siraje Arif Mahmud
Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh

Sabita Rezwana Rahman
Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Flies can be mechanical vectors of food borne enteric pathogenic bacteria. In Bangladesh, data on drug resistant fly associated bacteria is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of drug resistant pathogenic bacteria in common flies found in Bangladesh. Methodology: Bacterial and fungal loads on the internal and external parts of common flies: Musca domestica and Lucilia sericata were enumerated through serial dilution and plating on nutrient agar and selective media. Biochemical tests were performed to identify bacteria, with further confirmation by 16S rRNA sequencing and BLAST search. Antibiogram of the isolated bacteria was performed by disk diffusion method. Results: The average count of bacteria from the fly external surface on the nutrient agar was 1.5×10⁴ CFU mL^-1 for M. domestica and 1.6×10⁶ CFU mL^-1 for L. sericata. On the other hand, the average count of bacteria from the fly internal parts was 6.5×10⁵ CFU mL^-1 for M. domestica and 1.1×10⁵CFU mL^-1 for L. sericata. Number of fungal colonies associated with the internal parts of the house fly (M. domestica) was 3.3×10⁴ CFU mL^-1 and of the green bottle fly ( L. sericata ) was 4.3×10⁴ CFU mL^-1. Salmonella typhimurium , Citrobacter, E. coli , Providencia, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from the external parts of both type of flies. From the internal parts of the flies Serratia marcescens, Bacillus, Salmonella and Enterobacter were identified. All the isolated organisms from external parts of fly body showed the highest antimicrobial resistance against amoxicillin (95%) followed by cefixime (80%), gentamicin (35%), ciprofloxacin (25%) and chloramphenicol (20%). Conclusion: High numbers of bacteria with multiple drug resistance phenotypes are associated with flies. Therefore, further study is needed to determine the range of pathogenic bacteria being spreaded by flies.

Keywords: House fly, Enteric bacteria, Food borne disease, Antibiotic resistance

Location: Jahangirnagar University campus situated at, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-04-2014

End Date: 00-06-2014

Program Area: Food Safety and Security

Commodity: Becteriocides

Objectives:

To identify the Isolation of Multi drug Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria from Common Flies in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Methodology:

Collection of flies and specimen preparation: The study was conducted at the Jahangirnagar University campus situated at, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The total area of the campus is 697.56 acre or 282.51 ha. Thirteen student dormitories accommodate about 15000 students and a major portion of them consumes meals from the canteens of these dorms and adjacent food stalls. It is aimed to collect flies from 3 dormitory canteens and 3 food stalls as they are the most crowded canteens all the year round and are not adjacent to each other. The target sites were kitchen areas after/during the preparation of cooking, when there is the highest availability of the waste product. A total of 45 flies were collected during the month of April-June, 2014 from these 6 sites, when flies are abundant. Sterile insect collection net without any bait was used to collect the flies. They were transferred to sterile vials aseptically and kept in freezing temperature for couple of hours to anaesthetize16. The flies were morphologically identified according to Ahmed et al. 17. Isolation of microorganisms from flies: Each fly was suspended in 2 mL sterile saline and vortexed gently for preparing the body wash (external) of the fly16. This saline suspension was then diluted upto 5 times and 100 :L of suspension from each dilution tube was inoculated on the different kinds of media, such as nutrient agar (Himedia), MacConkey agar (Sigma) and mannitol salt agar (Oxoid) through spread plate method. For the detection of fungal colonies diluted specimens were spread on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media (Oxoid) supplemented with tetracycline. To isolate microorganisms from the internal parts of the body, external surface of the fly was first washed with diluted alcohol and then with sterile distilled water. After that each fly was crashed in the saline solution with sterile tips. Suspension was then vortexed, diluted and plated as previous. To culture the bacterial and fungal colonies, plates were incubated at 37 and 25EC, respectively for 24 h and then observed. Isolates were preserved in 15% glycerol at -20EC.

Source of Information: Bangladesh. J. Entomol., 13: 141-147. ISSN 1812-5670;

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/je.2016.141.147

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It can be concluded that high number of bacteria and some of clinical interest are associated with flies. Hence, regular surveillance is necessary to determine the range of pathogenic bacteria that can be carried out with flies. To limit the access of fly in the kitchen, net should be used in the window. Proper disposal of the animal carcasses and other kitchen garbage are highly recommended. Good hygiene practice should be implemented in the food processing zone to keep the contact of flies with the foods as minimal as possible.

Knowledge Management: Journal