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Assessment of Pesticides and Ripening Chemicals Used in Selected Vegetables at Different Locations of Bangladesh

M. G. F. CHOWDHURY
Senior Scientific Officer
Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur,

M. A. RAHMAN
Senior Scientific Officer
Horticulture Research Center, Postharvest Technology Section, BARI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A survey was conducted in seven districts namely Bogura, Rajshahi, Jashore, Narsingdi, Cumilla, Jamalpur and Gazipur to assess the present status of the usage of pesticides and ripening chemical in major vegetable crops such as tomato, brinjal, country bean and bitter gourd. A total of 280 respondents having 40 respondents from each district were selected randomly for the study. The maximum number of vegetable growers belonged to the age group of 21-40, which is about 50%. About 41% and 25% of farmers accomplished their primary and secondary education in the study areas. Tomato fruit had the highest yield (27.74 tha^-1) whereas the highest gross margin was attained from country bean 4,06,832 Tk.ha^-1. Almost all of the vegetable growers were used synthetic pesticides (chemical group of Cypermethrin, Emamectin Benzoate, Chlorpyriphos, Carbendazim, Lambda Cyhalothrin, Mencozeb etc.) for protecting their crops from pests and most of them used own hand pump sprayer. Farmers of the study areas applied synthetic pesticides frequently with much higher dosages (8-30 times) than the recommendation. Few farmers practice Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for their crops. Seventy five percent farmers had protective measure during insecticide-pesticide spray and about 40% growers felt uncomfortable after hand spray to the crops. Most of the tomato growers in the study areas (Rajshahi and Jashore) were applied Plant Growth Regulator (PGR)/ripening agents mainly Ethephon @ 2500-8000ppm before 1-3 days of harvest in immature green tomato (1-4 times) for uniform color development to get higher price in the early market. Few traders (10-15%) were applied Ethephon in premature vegetables after harvest. It is strongly recommended to use IPM technology for controlling insects and pest and to create awareness regarding pesticides use practice and safety precautions.

Keywords: Synthetic pesticide, Ethephon, Plant growth regulator, Pesticide residue, People’s livelihood.

Location: Bogura, Rajshahi, Jashore, Narsingdi, Cumilla, Jamalpur and Gazipur districts, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Vegetables, Pesticide

Objectives:

The following objectives were : 1. To investigate the present status of the usage of common pesticides in selected vegetables; 2. To find out the pesticide application method, dosages and their frequency of use; and 3. To know the awareness level of vegetables growers regarding the pesticide residues and their ill effect of consumer’s health.

Methodology:

Study area and sampling: The study was conducted in seven districts namely Bogura, Rajshahi, Jashore, Narsingdi, Cumilla, Jamalpur and Gazipur. These study areas were purposively selected as an extensive vegetable growing area of selected crops such as tomato, brinjal, country bean and bitter gourd. From each district, three Upazilas were selected with the consultation of the Department of Agriculture Extension (DAE) personnel for those above mentioned vegetables except Gazipur district was for brinjal and bitter gourd. Minimum thirteen (13) farmers were randomly selected from each Upazila to achieve the objectives of the study. Thus, 40 farmers were taken from each district for pesticides of those above-mentioned vegetables and for ripening chemicals survey, Bogura, Cumilla, Rajshahi and Jashore were selected for tomato. Methods of data collection: Primary data were used for the study. Data on the socio-economic characteristics, farming system, pesticide use, IPM practices were collected through a pre-tested interview schedule. Analysis of data: Mostly tabular method of analysis was followed to provide a picture of the situation of pesticide usage in vegetable crops. Collected data were summarized, processed and analyzed using computer software like MS Excel and SPSS. The collected data covers the following areas such as socio-economic characteristics of farmers; farming system; insect, pest and diseases; provision of support services and farmers intention towards IPM practices.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(2): 261-279, June 2019 ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among the respondents during conducted survey, the maximum number of vegetable growers belonged to the age group of 21-40, which is about 50%. In the study area, about 41% and 25% of farmers accomplished their primary and secondary education. Among the selected vegetables the highest yield (27.74 T.ha^-1) was achieved from tomato even though the production cost was lower compared to other vegetables. However, the highest gross margin was recorded for country bean (4,06,832 Tk.ha^-1). Different insect-pest and diseases invasioned the vegetable crops at different growth stages at the survey areas. Almost all of the vegetable growers used synthetic pesticides for protecting their crops from pests and most of them used own hand pump sprayer. Few farmers followed IPM approach for their crops to control insect-pest. Most of the respondent farmers received the pest control advice from local pesticide dealer and extension workers. Farmers of the study areas applied synthetic pesticides frequently with much higher dosages (8-30 times) than the recommendation. Seventy five percent farmers had protective measure during insecticide-pesticide spray and about 40% growers felt uncomfortable after hand spray to the crops. Most of the tomato growers used PGR before 1-3 days of harvest for attractive and uniform color development. Findings of the present study, therefore, suggested that a considerable training programme should be arranged for both vegetables growers and business person on proper application of synthetic pesticides and ripening agents in vegetables. Moreover, linkage should be strengthened among researchers, extension workers and intermediary for greater expansion and dissemination of pest management and ripening technologies of vegetables.

Knowledge Management: Journal