Agricultural Research Management Information System

Home
Research Summary
Search
About Us
- ARMIS
- Brochure
Contact Us
Report
User Request
Data Input
Help
- Operation Manual
  - PDF
  - Video
- Program Area & Commodity
We have reached 37600 number of research entries at this moment.

- Logout

Research Detail

Home
Research
Detail

In-vitro Efficacy of Verenda (ricinus Communis) Leaves Extract Against Ticks in Cattle

S. Islam
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

S.Talukder
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

J. Ferdous
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. M. Hasan
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Y. A. Sarker
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

S. Sachi
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Alim
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. H. Sikder
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Tick infestation is commonly found in every commercial cattle farm and domestically reared cattle. Farm generally used acaricides to treat tick infestation; however finding new, cheap and alternative source of acaricides is a prime concern. Here, we investigated the in-vitro efficacy of verenda (Ricinus communis) leaves extracts to treat tick infestation. We prepared aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extract of verenda leaves to apply on ticks. A total of 90 ticks (both hard ticks and soft ticks) was collected from cattle in local area of Mymensingh region and divided into 3 treatment groups: A (aqueous), B (ethanol), C (methanol) and D (control). All groups were sub-divided into 3 sub-groups on the basis of concentration of 1%, 2% and 3% treatments. Ticks were treated with different concentrations of extract and observation of tick was performed 12, 24 and 36 hours interval. The whole experiment was repeated thrice. Our data suggests 3% methanolic extract confer highest efficacy against ticks and verenda leaves extract could be used alternatively as acaricides.

Keywords: Ricinus communis, Acaricidal activities, Tick, Plant extract

Location: Department of pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2016

End Date: 00-06-2016

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle, Diseases and insects

Objectives:

To develop a simple protocol for in-vitro screening and efficacy studies of verenda leaves having acaricidal efficacy.

Methodology:

Study area: The experimental study was conducted in the laboratory of department of pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Bangladesh. The study was conducted from January 2016 to June 2016 to evaluate in-vitro efficacy of verenda leaves extract against ticks. Study plant collection and identification: Verenda was collected from the surrounding area of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU). Five plants were identified and verified according to its physical characteristics by the Department of Crop Botany, BAU. Plant preparation and extraction: Plant extraction of R. communis leaf was conducted by the help of soxhlet (Kumar et al., 2013) 12 cycles or till the solvent in the siphon tube of an extractor became colorless (Kumar et al., 2011). After washing the plant leaves were cut into small pieces, spread out on paper sheets, dried in shaded area at room temperature for one weeks and finely dried plant materials was crushed using a pestle and mortar to provide a greater surface area. Following this, the solvent (80 ml of ethanol, methanol or water) was added to a round bottom flask, which was attached to a soxhlet extractor. The crushed plant materials were loaded into the thimble and placed inside the soxhlet extractor. The condensate was dripped into the reservoir. The process runs for a total of 16 hours. Once the process had finished, extracted plant material were in the beaker. Preparation of stock solution: Each of the samples was categorized as 1, 2 and 3 percent concentration according to petri dish size and number of ticks. We measured 0.15gm extract for 1%, 0.3gm extract for 2% and 0.45gm extract for 3% concentration. 15 ml of distilled water was added and then mixed thoroughly by the help of orbital shaker. Collection, transportation and identification of tick: Ticks were collected from naturally infested cattle grazed at the field of BAU. Freshly collected ticks were transported in plastic cups covered by cotton net gauze to the laboratory. Species identification was performed based on morphological identification keys given by James (2013), BAU. Ticks from naturally infested cattle, were identified by the department of parasitology according to (Walker et al., 2007). In-vitro acaricidal efficacy test: Ticks were dipped in the respective dilutions of extracts and control solutions for 2 min of exposure. After immersion, the ticks were recovered from tube and dried with filter paper and placed in separate petri dishes (Zaman et al., 2012). 15 ml of concentration was taken for each petri dish and for each concentration of methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extract i.e. for 1%, 2% and 3% concentration. Ten adult ticks was placed in each petri dish. Cotton was soaked with same concentration was applied to the petri dish to prevent desiccation. In case of positive control we used 1% ivermectin pour on and distilled water as negative control. After incubation at 30°C with 80% relative humidity, death of ticks was recorded at 12 hours interval. The viability of ticks was checked regularly with a blunt needle and ticks were recorded as dead if no reaction was shown. All the experiment was then repeated thrice.
The percentage mortality was calculated by the formula previously used by Krishnaveni and Venkatalakshmi (2014) as follows: Mortality % = (No dead ticks) / Total number of ticks x 100. Statistical analysis: Collected raw data were stored in Microsoft Excel database system used for data management. SPSS windows version IBM 20 was used for data analysis. Results of the study were expressed as a mean of mortality percentage ± standard error (Mean ± SE). Statistical significance was determined by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with multiple comparison tests (Post Hoc/Turkey’s test/HSD) to compare parameter within and between groups. All significant levels set at P<0.05.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2018). 16(1): 81–86 ISSN: 1729-7893 (Print), 2308-0922 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In vitro acaricidal effect of R. communis was studied in different preparation (aqueous ethanol and methanolic extract at various concentrations 1%, 2% and 3%) and in different time intervals. After 12 hours of interval, the highest acaricidal efficacy was shown by 2% methanolic extract. After 24 hours, 3% methanolic extract have shown the most acaricidal efficacy. After 36 hours interval, about 90% death was obtained in 3% aqueous, both in 2% and 3% ethanolic extract group and 2% methanolic extract group. However, the highest efficacy was shown (100%) was obtained in 3% methanolic extract group. In positive control group, all tick died within 2 hours of treatment and in negative control group, not a single tick died even on the 4th day of treatment. It has been reported that the high toxicity of R. communis extracts against ticks was due to the presence of ricin in the extracts (Tounou et al., 2011) and ricin is reported as one of the most poisonous natural compounds (ElNikhely et al., 2007). Same tick mortality that was obtained by positive control group (Ivermectin) might be possible with R. communis leaves extract, although there is great variation in time between them. However, due to its cost effectiveness and availability in the rural area, verenda leaves could be an excellent acaricidal option. In this case only the adult parasites were used. So, further study should be conducted to determine the acaricidal effects of verenda against other parasites and also against their various developmental stages (e.g. egg, larvae or L3) with assessment of environmental fate, species toxicity and skin toxicity of verenda plants species before they can be considered as a treatment against ticks. Besides that in vivo trial should be given in field condition and the acaricidal effects of verenda (R. communis) should be tested.

Knowledge Management: Journal