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Study on Postnatal Growth and Development of Crop and Proventriculus of Digestive Tract of Broiler

K. Akter
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh

M. T. Mussa
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh

M. A. Sayeed
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh

M. A. Hai
Department of Medicine and surgery, Jhenidah Government Veterinary College, Jhenidah, Bangladesh

M. M. Uddin
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was carried out to investigate postnatal growth and development of crop and proventriculus of digestive tract of broiler. Total 45 (“Cobb-500”) chickens of three age groups like day 1(D1), day14 (D14), day 28 (D28) were used each group containing fifteen chickens. All birds were slaughtered after respective days then crop and proventriculus were collected. Total length, diameter and weight were determined by “slide calipers” and electronic balance. Then the samples were processed and stained with H and E stain for histological study. The length (cm), diameter (cm) and weight (gm) of crop and proventriculus were increased gradually with the age where highest at 28 and lowest at day 1. Number of mucosal folds of crop was highest at 1 and lowest at day 28. The keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of crop was thickest at day 28. Submucosa contains thin loose connective tissue. Tunica muscularis contains thick inner circular and thinner outer longitudinal smooth muscle and is externally covered by adventitia. The mucosa of the proventriculus has macroscopic papillae with numerous folds and lined by simple columnar epithelium. Submucosal glands are lined by simple cuboidal to low columnar epithelium. Lamina propria contains loose connective tissue and muscularis contains scattered bundles of smooth muscle. Tunica muscularis consists of smooth muscle and is externally covered by serosa.

Keywords: Morphometry, Crop, Proventriculus, Broilers, Age

Location: Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-12-2013

End Date: 00-01-2014

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Broiler

Objectives:

To describe anatomy (weight, length, size and shape) different segments of digestive tract of broilers of newly hatched and progressively matures broilers in Bangladesh that may be a basis for further study on nutritional modulation in the field of veterinary science.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out from December 2013 to January 2014 on postnatal growth and development of crop and proventriculus of digestive tract of broiler was carried out at the department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Bangladesh. Study population: Forty five (45) day old broiler chickens (Cobb-500) were purchased from Agha poultry farm, Hathazari, Chittagong, Bangladesh. All birds are apparently healthy and without any detectable signs of abnormalities and diseases free. Then the birds were divided into three age groups like D1, D14, D21 each group consists of fifteen (15) broiler chickens. All groups were housed in compartmentalizes rectangular metallic cage wrapped with wire mesh. Optimum temperature, lighting, humidity and ventilation were maintained according to standard. Water and feed were provided ad libitum. All procedures were maintained by the Animal Care and Welfare Committee of CVASU. Sample collection and gross anatomical investigation: The chickens of all groups were slaughtered at day 1, 14, 21 respectively. After complete bleeding the crop and proventriculus were collected. The collected samples were washed properly using normal saline and put to rinse added water properly in laboratory temperature. Total length and diameter were determined by “slide calipers” and weight by sensitive electronic balance (Mettler Toledo B154, ± 0.001g, China). Histological investigation: After the gross anatomical examination the samples were processed by cutting into a appropriate size and tagged with a piece of paper to identify the sample age, name and number and then fixed by chemical fixation using 10% buffered formalin solution (pH 7.4) and shaken 24 hours for fixation. After all processing the samples were stained with H and E stain for histological study.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2018). 16(1): 7-11 ISSN: 1729-7893 (Print), 2308-0922 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The average lengths, weights and wide and other histological structures of crop and proventriculus were increased gradually. Based on the above results and discussion that this study portraits a clear picture about the growth rate of Cobb-500 broiler chickens, specially their crop and proventriculus which are also related with the digestion of feed in birds. So that we can come to a certain understanding about the anatomy and histology of these organs as well as a basis for further study on nutritional, anatomical and histological field of Veterinary science.

Knowledge Management: Journal